초기 청소년의 사이버 괴롭힘 인식 변화 유형과 성 및 공감과의 관련성
Identifying types of changes in perceptions of cyberbullying by early adolescents and its relation to gender and empathy
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초기 청소년의 사이버 괴롭힘 가해, 피해 및 목격의 경험이 증가하는 것과 동시에 이들이 사이버 괴롭힘을 문제적 행위로 인지하거나 변별하지 못하는 비율 역시 점차 높아지고 있는 현 시점에 사이버 괴롭힘 인식에 대한 검토의 필요성이 부각되고 있다. 이 연구는 사이버 괴롭힘 행위로 이끄는 주요 요인 중 하나인 사이버 괴롭힘에 대한 인식에 주목하여 사이버 괴롭힘 인식이 시간에 따라 변화할 수 있음을 알고, 초기 청소년을 대상으로 사이버 괴롭힘 인식의 종단적 변화 양상에 따른 잠재집단을 추정하고자 하였다. 나아가 초기 청소년의 개인 요인 중 성과 공감과의 관계를 확인하였다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널 11, 13, 14차 데이터에서 1,215명의 자료를 활용하여 성장혼합모형 분석을 실시하였다. 이 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초기 청소년의 사이버 괴롭힘 인식의 종단적 변화에는 선형모형이 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 적용한 잠재집단은 4개 집단으로 유형화되었다. 즉, 초기 청소년의 사이버 괴롭힘 인식의 변화는 ‘급증가형’, ‘고수준 유지형’, ‘급감소형’ 및 ‘저수준 유지형’의 4개의 잠재집단으로 구분되었고, 가장 많은 청소년이 고수준 유지형에 속했으며, 급증가형, 급감소형 및 저수준 유지형 순이었다. 둘째, 남학생보다 여학생이 ‘급증가형’보다 ‘고수준 유지형’에, ‘급감소형’보다 ‘고수준 유지형’에, ‘저수준 유지형’보다 ‘고수준 유지형’에 속할 가능성이 더 높았다. 마지막으로 인지적 공감과 정서적 공감에서 ‘급증가형’과 ‘급감소형’ 간 및 ‘고수준 유지형’과 ‘급감소형’ 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었고, 표현적 공감은 잠재집단 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이 연구는 초기 청소년을 대상으로 사이버 괴롭힘에 대한 인식의 변화 유형을 확인하여 장기적인 관점에서 사이버 괴롭힘 인식을 높이기 위한 차별적인 개입 방안을 고민할 수 있는 기초자료로 활용할 수 있으며, 성과 인지적, 정서적 및 표현적 공감으로 구성된 다차원적 공감과의 관련성을 체계적으로 검토하였다는 데 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the latent classes of changes in perceptions of cyberbullying by early adolescents from the 4th, 6th to 7th grades and to test its relation to gender and empathy. To achieve these goals, a growth mixture model (GMM) study was conducted, using data from the 11th, 13th and 14th waves of the Panel Study on Korean Children. The results are summarized as follows. First, four latent classes were identified regarding the changes in early adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying: rapid increasing, high-level maintaining, rapid decreasing, and a low-level maintaining. Second, female students were more likely to belong to the high-level maintaining than the rapid increasing group, and the rapid decreasing and low-level maintaining groups rather than male students. Third, regarding the early adolescents’ empathy according to the perceptions of cyberbullying changes, significant group differences were suggested not only in between the rapid increasing and rapid decreasing groups but also in between the high-level maintaining and rapid decreasing groups both in terms of cognitive and emotional empathy.
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