성장혼합모형을 활용한 청소년의 사이버 괴롭힘 피해경험의 발달 유형화와전통적 괴롭힘과의 관련성 탐색
Using the Growth Mixture Model, Type of Development in Adolescents’ Cyberbullying Victimization Experience and Relevance of Traditional Bullying
0
조회
0
다운로드
6
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 중학교 1학년부터 고등학교 1학년까지 사이버 괴롭힘 피해경험 데이터를 기초로 사이버 괴롭힘 피해경험의 잠재계층을 확인하고, 전통적인 괴롭힘 가해 및 피해경험과 사이버 괴롭힘 피해경험의 잠재계층 간의 관련성을 탐색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 서울교육종단연구(SELS)의 초등학교 4학년 패널의 4차년도 부터 7차년도 데이터를 활용하여 성장혼합모형(GMM) 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 사이버 피해경험과 관련하여 3개의 잠재계층을 확인하였고 각 집단을 사이버 괴롭힘 무경험 집단, 초기피해 집단, 피해증가 집단으로 명명하였다. 무경험 집단에 비해, 초기피해 집단은 여학생이거나 지속적으로 악소문 피해경험이 있는 경우 해당 집단에 포함될 확률이 높았다. 무경험 집단과 비교해 볼 때, 지속적인 악소문 피해경험, 따돌림 피해경험, 사이버 가해경험이 있는 경우에 피해증가 집단에 속할 확률이 높았다. 본 연구결과는 최근 빠른 속도로 확산되고 있는 사이버 괴롭힘 피해경험을 발달적 관점에서 유형화하고 각 유형이 전통적인 괴롭힘 경험과 어떠한 관련성이 있는지를 이해함으로써 괴롭힘 예방 및 개입전략에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The goals of the present study were to document the developmental trajectories of cyberbullying victimization experiences in adolescents, and to explore the effect of traditional bullying perpetration and victimization experiences on the latent class of cyberbullying victimization. For this purpose, the study conducted a growth mixed model (GMM) analysis on data from Grades 7 to 10 on a sample from the Seoul Education Longitudinal Study. As a result of the analysis, the study identified three groups that emerged: a no-experience group, initial-victimization group, and increased-victimization group. Students in the initial-victimization group were more likely to be female or have experience spreading rumors on a sustained basis than the no-experience group. The increased-victimization group was more likely to have been victims of social exclusion/rumor-spreading or have experience perpetrating cyberbullying than the no-experience group. These findings not only integrate the experience of traditional bullying and developmental perspectives, but can also be used as a basic resource for devising prevention and intervention strategies against bullying.
참고문헌 (83)
- 권재기, "집단따돌림 피해경험의 발달양상과 내면화⋅외현화 문제행동의 변화 -잠재계층 성장분석(LCGA)⋅다집단 성장혼합모형(GMM)을 이용한 종단연구-", 한국아동복지학, (34), pp.95~126 (2011), 한국아동복지학회
- 노언경, "중학생의 학교폭력 피해경험 및 가해경험의 변화 양상: 다변량 다층 잠재성장모형을 적용한 개인 및 학교효과 분석", 한국청소년연구, 28(1), pp.37~66 (2017), 한국청소년정책연구원[DOI]
- 두경희, "사이버 폭력의 피해경험에서 부정적 경험을 유발 시키거나 경감시키는 요소에 대한 탐색적 연구", 열린교육연구, 24(1), pp.199~225 (2016), 한국열린교육학회[DOI]
- 모정은, "초등학생의 사이버 괴롭힘 가해위험요인 검사문항 개발 및 타당화", 초등교육연구, 27(4), pp.131~155 (2014), 한국초등교육학회
- 박종효, "학교 환경과 학교 적응의 구조적 관계 탐색", 열린교육연구, 21(1), pp.101~128 (2013), 한국열린교육학회
- 2015년 사이버폭력 실태조사 결과 보고서, "방송통신위원회", 한국인터넷진흥원, ~ (2015)
- 신나민, "청소년 사이버 폭력 현황 및 피해·가해 관련 변인에 관한 연구", 교육문제연구, 26(4), pp.1~21 (2013), 교육문제연구소
- 심재웅, "플레이밍(Flaming)에 영향을 끼치는 변인에 관한 연구: 사회적 영향 모델을 중심으로", 정보화정책, 20(4), pp.51~70 (2013), 한국정보화진흥원
- 양명희, "기초학력 도달 여부 분석을 위한 로지스틱 모형 적용 연구", 교육평가연구, 18(3), pp.99~118 (2005), 한국교육평가학회
- 오인수, "초등학생 온라인 괴롭힘의 실태 및 오프라인 괴롭힘과의 비교분석", 아시아교육연구, 12(3), pp.75~98 (2011), 교육연구소
- 윤일홍, "사이버불링(Cyberbullying)에 대한 생태시스템적 접근: Bronfenbrenner의 이론을 중심으로", 한국공안행정학회보, 26(1), pp.67~104 (2017), 한국공안행정학회[DOI]
- 이정민, "성장혼합모형을 적용한 초기 청소년의 공동체의식 유형분류 및 영향요인 검증", 교육방법연구, 29(2), pp.257~283 (2017), 한국교육방법학회
- 조아미, "성장혼합모형을 활용한 청소년활동 참여 수준의 유형과 특성 분석", 한국청소년연구, 23(2), pp.161~184 (2012), 한국청소년정책연구원
- 최지영, "관계적 공격성에 대한 국내 연구동향 분석: 2000년∼2013년", 인간발달연구, 21(1), pp.181~200 (2014), 한국인간발달학회
- 한국정보화진흥원, "“학교폭력 2.0, 사이버불링실태와 해법” 세미나 자료집", 한국정보화진흥원, ~ (2013)
- Ang, R. P., "Cyberbullying among adolescents : The role of affective and cognitive empathy, and gender", Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41(4), pp.387~397 (2010)
- Barlett, C. P., "Predicting cyberbullying from anonymity", Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5(2), pp.171~180 (2016)
- Barlett, C. P., "The development of a new cyberbullying attitude measure", Computers in Human Behavior, 64, pp.906~913 (2016)
- Beran, T., "The relationship between cyberbullying and school bullying", The Journal of Student Wellbeing, 1(2), pp.16~33 (2008)
- Bond, L., "Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers", British Medical Journal, 323, pp.480~484 (2001)
- Bonanno, R. A., "Cyber bullying and internalizing difficulties : Above and beyond the impact of traditional forms of bullying", Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), pp.685~697 (2013)
- Brame, B., "Developmental trajectories of physical aggression from school entry to late adolescence", Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(4), pp.503~512 (2001)
- Bussey, K., "The role of moral disengagement and self-efficacy in cyberbullying", Journal of School Violence, 14(1), pp.30~46 (2015)
- Calvete, E., "Cyberbullying in adolescents : Modalities and aggressors’ profile", Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), pp.1128~1135 (2010)
- Campbell, M. A, "Cyber Bullying : An Old Problem in a New Guise?", Australian journal of Guidance and Counselling, 15(1), pp.68~76 (2005)
- Cappadocia, M. C., "Cyberbullying : Prevalence, stability, and risk factors during adolescence", Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 28(2), pp.171~192 (2013)
- Coyne, S. M., "Cruel intentions on television and in real life: Can viewing indirect aggression increase viewers’ subsequent indirect aggression?", Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 88(3), pp.234~253 (2004)
- Del Rey, R., "Bullying and cyberbullying:Overlapping and predictive value of the co-occurrence", Psicothema, 24(4), pp.608~613 (2012)
- Dooley, J. J., "Cyberbullying versus face-to-face bullying: A theoretical and conceptual review", Journal of Psychology, 217(4), pp.182~188 (2009)
- Duncan, T. E., "An introduction to latent variable growth curve modeling: Concepts, issues, and application" (2006), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- Erentaitė, R., "Cross‐contextual stability of bullying victimization : A person‐oriented analysis of cyber and traditional bullying experiences among adolescents", Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 53(2), pp.181~190 (2012)
- Fanti, K. A., "A longitudinal study of cyberbullying : Examining risk and protective factors", European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(2), pp.168~181 (2012)
- Guo, S., "A meta-analysis of the predictors of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization", Psychology in the Schools, 53(4), pp.432~453 (2016)
- Heirman, W., "Predicting adolescent perpetration in cyberbullying : An application of the theory of planned behavior", Psicothema, 24(4), pp.614~620 (2012)
- Hemphill, S. A., "Longitudinal predictors of cyber and traditional bullying perpetration in Australian secondary school students", Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(1), pp.59~65 (2012)
- Hill, R. M., "The role of bullying in depressive symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood : a growth mixture model", Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, pp.1~8 (2017)
- Hill, K. G., "Early adult outcomes of adolescent binge drinking : Person‐and Variable‐Centered analyses of binge drinking trajectories", Alcoholism : Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(6), pp.892~901 (2000)
- Hinduja, S., "Offline consequences of online victimization : School violence and delinquency", Journal of School Violence, 6(3), pp.89~112 (2007)
- Hinduja, S., "Cyberbullying : An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization", Deviant Behavior, 29(2), pp.129~156 (2008)
- Hinduja, S., "Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide", Archives of Suicide Research, 14(3), pp.206~221 (2010)
- Jose, P. E., "The joint development of traditional bullying and victimization with cyber bullying and victimization in adolescence", Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22(2), pp.301~309 (2011)
- Jung, T., "An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling", Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(1), pp.302~317 (2008)
- Juvonen, J., "Extending the school grounds?—Bullying experiences in cyberspace", Journal of School health, 78(9), pp.496~505 (2008)
- Kawabata, Y., "Differential associations between maternal and paternal parenting and physical and relational aggression", Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 19(3), pp.254~263 (2016)
- Klomek, A. B., "The association of suicide and bullying in childhood to young adulthood : A review of cross-sectional and longitudinal research findings", The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(5), pp.282~288 (2010)
- Kowalski, R. M., "Bullying in the digital age : A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth", Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), pp.1073~1137 (2014)
- Kowalski, R. M., "Electronic bullying among middle school students", Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(6), pp.22~30 (2007)
- Kowalski, R. M., "Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying", Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), pp.13~20 (2013)
- Kowalski, R. M., "Cyber bullying: Bullying in the digital age" (2008), Blackwell Publishing. Ltd
- Kraft, E. M., "Effectiveness of cyber bullying prevention strategies : A study on students' perspectives", International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 3(2), pp.513~535 (2009)
- Lam, L. T., "Violent online games exposure and cyberbullying", victimization among adolescents, 2013, pp.16(3), 159~165
- Li, Q., "New bottle but old wine : A research of cyberbullying in schools", Computers in Human Behavior, 23(4), pp.1777~1791 (2007)
- Luyckx, K., "Developmental typologies of identity formation and adjustment in female emerging adults : A latent class growth analysis approach", Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18(4), pp.595~619 (2008)
- Matheson, K., "The impact of computer-mediated communication on self-awareness", Computers in Human Behavior, 4(3), pp.221~233 (1988)
- Menesini, E., "Morality, values, traditional bullying, and cyberbullying in adolescence", British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 31(1), pp.1~14 (2013)
- Mitchell, K. J., "The relative importance of online victimization in understanding depression, delinquency, and substance use", Child Maltreatment, 12(4), pp.314~324 (2007)
- Muthén, B., "Integrating person‐centered and variablecentered analyses : Growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes", Alcoholism : Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(6), pp.882~891 (2000)
- Navarro, R., "The impact of cyberbullying and social bullying on optimism, global and school-related happiness and life satisfaction among 10-12-year-old schoolchildren", Applied Research in Quality of Life, 10(1), pp.15~36 (2015)
- Pabian, S., "Using the theory of planned behaviour to understand cyberbullying : The importance of beliefs for developing interventions", European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11(4), pp.463~477 (2014)
- Patchin, J. W., "Bullies move beyond the schoolyard", Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4, pp.148~169 (2006)
- Patchin, J. W., "Cyberbullyign and self-esteem", Journal of School Health, 80(12), pp.614~621 (2010)
- Pepler, D. J., "A developmental perspective on bullying", Aggressive Behavior, 32(4), pp.376~384 (2006)
- Perren, S., "Bullying in school and cyberspace : Associations with depressive symptoms in Swiss and Australian adolescents", Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 4(1), pp.1~10 (2010)
- Pornari, C. D., "Peer and cyber aggression in secondary school students : The role of moral disengagement, hostile attribution bias, and outcome expectancies", Aggressive Behavior, 36(2), pp.81~94 (2010)
- Raskauskas, J., "Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents", Developmental Psychology, 43(3), pp.564~575 (2007)
- Riebel, J., "Cyberbullying in Germany–an exploration of prevalence, overlapping with real life bullying and coping strategies", Psychology Science Quarterly, 51(3), pp.298~314 (2009)
- Rosen, L. H., "Social victimization trajectories from middle childhood through late adolescence", Social Development, 26(2), pp.227~247 (2016)
- Schultze-Krumbholz, A., "A comparison of classification approaches for cyberbullying and traditional bullying using data from six European countries", Journal of School Violence, 14(1), pp.47~65 (2015)
- Shaw, D. S., "Trajectories leading to school-age conduct problems", Developmental Psychology, 39(2), pp.189~200 (2003)
- Slonje, R., "Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying?", Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, pp.147~154 (2008)
- Smith, P. K., "Cyberbullying : Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils", Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), pp.376~385 (2008)
- Smith, P. K., "Profiles of non-victims, escaped victims, continuing victim and new victims of school bullying", British Journal of Educational Psychology, 74(4), pp.565~581 (2004)
- Solberg, M. E., "Prevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus bully", victim questionnaire, 2003, pp.29(3), 239~268
- Suler, J., "The online disinhibition effect", Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 7(3), pp.321~326 (2004)
- Tokunaga, R. S., "Following you home from school : A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization", Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), pp.277~287 (2010)
- Varjas, K., "Urban middle school students'perceptions of bullying, cyberbullying, and school safety", Journal of School Violence, 8(2), pp.159~176 (2009)
- Wang, J., "Patterns of adolescent bullying behaviors : Physical, verbal, exclusion, rumor, and cyber", Journal of School Psychology, 50(4), pp.521~534 (2012)
- Wang, J., "Co-occurrence of victimization from five subtypes of bullying : Physical, verbal, social exclusion, spreading rumors, and cyber", Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 35(10), pp.1103~1112 (2010)
- Wang, J., "Cyber and traditional bullying : Differential association with depression", Journal of Adolescent Health, 48(4), pp.415~417 (2011)
- Werner, N. E., "Involvement in internet aggression during early adolescence", Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(6), pp.607~619 (2010)
- Willard, N., "Cyberbullying and cyberthreats: Responding to the challenge of online social cruelty, threats, and distress" (2006), Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use
- Ybarra, M. L., "Online aggressor", targets, aggressors, and targets : A comparison of associated youth characteristics, 2004, pp.45(7), 1308~1316
