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기후변화, 탄소중립 그리고 중동: 사우디아라비아의 탄소중립정책을 중심으로

Climate Change, Carbon Neutrality and the Middle East: Focusing on Saudi Arabia's Carbon Neutral Policy

이주성|백승훈
한국이슬람학회 (Korean Association Of The Islamic Studies)|2022.10|한국이슬람학회논총 (Annals of Korean Association of the Islamic Studies)|제32권 제3호|pp. 149-176

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climate changeSaudi Arabiacarbon neutrality기후 변화사우디아라비아. 탄소중립탄소순환경제사우디 비전 2060circular carbon economySaudi vision 2060
주제분류종교학

초록

MENA 지역 다양한 정치 의제(예멘 분쟁, 이팔분쟁 등등)에 지대한 영향을 끼치는국가는 현재 사우디아라비아이다. 지정학이 중시되던 냉전시기에는 범아랍주의를 바탕으로한 이집트가 MENA 지역의 지역 패권국으로 역할을 하였으나 냉전이 종식된 이후에는 지정학적 요소 못지 않게 지경학적 요소가 강화되면서 사우디아라비아의 영향력이 강화된 것이다. 이는 2009년 런던에서 개최된 G20 회의에 참여하기 위해 많은 노력을 기울였던 이집트가 끝내 참여하지 못했다는 사실과 현재 G20 회원국이자, 세계은행과 국제기금의 수치가 말해주는 세계 18 위 경제대국의 사우디아라비아의 현재 상황이 반증한다. 특히 사우디아라비아는 걸프협력회의(Gulf Cooperate Council, GCC)회원국 GDP 총합의 49%를 차지하고 있고, GCC회원국의 총인구 합의 69%를 차지하고 있는 지역 패권국이다(Köseoğlu et al. 2019). 결국 탄소중립, GCC 경제통합, 이팔 분쟁과 아브라함협정, 예멘 분쟁 등 다양한 MENA 역내 전환기적 의제에 있어 사우디아라비아의 역할은 막대하다. 따라서 본 연구는 사우디아라비아의 탄소중립정책을 조망함으로서 향후 MENA 지역에서의 전환적 변환이 어떻게 전개될 것인지를 분석해 보고자 한다.

Abstract

The MENA region is the most vulnerable region to global climate change. Temperature rise, desertification and coastline changes caused by climate change are highly likely to have a profound impact on the lives of the people of MENA countries. As a result, many MENA countries are agile in the international movement to slow the pace of climate change. Saudi Arabia, one of the world's largest oil producers, announced in October 2021 an ambitious plan to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2060 by actively accepting the recommendations of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report. Saudi Arabia's declaration of Net Zero as a rentier state, in which the country is operated with a rent obtained from oil, caused a sensation in the international community. However, unlike Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS)'s carbon-neutral announcement, Saudi Arabia's plans to invest in fossil fuels including oil and gas and expand infrastructure are still in progress. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how the transitional transformation in the MENA region will develop in the future by looking at Saudi Arabia's carbon-neutral policy.

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