An Analysis on the Authority of the GCC Based on the Network Theory
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The Gulf Cooperation Council has been the major international actor in the Middle East and Gulf region for more than 30 years since its establishment. Saudi Arabia, as the leader state of the GCC, has kept dominant authority in and out of the organization. From its economic resources – oil and natural gas mostly – the Saudi regime could exert occupy the upper position of the GCC network as the single hub at the center of the network. Moreover, the unique characteristics of the Islamic tradition bestowed the Saudi royal families the religious legitimacy as the fathers of Sunni Muslims, which they could use as the source of justification for their interventionist diplomatic strategies. The GCC itself also possessed a collective power as an independent actor. Their cohesiveness and unity was strengthened from the common threat of democratization calls after the Arab Spring and from the common enemy of Shia Crescent led by Iran. With a lot of national characters of the member states in common – Suuni Islam, political system of monarchy, rentier state economics, geographical location on the Arabian Peninsula, etc. –, the GCC was able to increase its influence over the Middle East as a closed network. As small states in Gulf region such as Qatar and UAE are growing both in economics and international politics, the dominance system of the GCC by Saudi Arabia has been facing several challenges in recent days. However, we cannot conclude that the GCC authority structure was completely changed and should keep our eyes on the intra- and inter-relations of the GCC network continuously.
Abstract
The Gulf Cooperation Council has been the major international actor in the Middle East and Gulf region for more than 30 years since its establishment. Saudi Arabia, as the leader state of the GCC, has kept dominant authority in and out of the organization. From its economic resources – oil and natural gas mostly – the Saudi regime could exert occupy the upper position of the GCC network as the single hub at the center of the network. Moreover, the unique characteristics of the Islamic tradition bestowed the Saudi royal families the religious legitimacy as the fathers of Sunni Muslims, which they could use as the source of justification for their interventionist diplomatic strategies. The GCC itself also possessed a collective power as an independent actor. Their cohesiveness and unity was strengthened from the common threat of democratization calls after the Arab Spring and from the common enemy of Shia Crescent led by Iran. With a lot of national characters of the member states in common – Suuni Islam, political system of monarchy, rentier state economics, geographical location on the Arabian Peninsula, etc. –, the GCC was able to increase its influence over the Middle East as a closed network. As small states in Gulf region such as Qatar and UAE are growing both in economics and international politics, the dominance system of the GCC by Saudi Arabia has been facing several challenges in recent days. However, we cannot conclude that the GCC authority structure was completely changed and should keep our eyes on the intra- and inter-relations of the GCC network continuously.
참고문헌 (40)
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