A Study on International Taekwondo Referees' Decisions
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The purpose of this study is to enhance referee's quality, to secure fairness of referee's decision, and to pursue improvement policy for this, through analyzing the actual status according to referee's decision in international referees. To achieve this objective, data was collected targeting 85 international referees. The collected data was carried out frequency analysis, cross tabulation, and t-test by using spss 12.0 program. The following conclusions were obtained. First, as a result of examining on recognizing referee's decision according to membership, the foreign referee was indicated to be higher in recognition on fairness(p<.05) and precision(p<.001) compared to Korean referee. Even in case of using electronic protector and of recognizing referee's decision, the foreign referee was indicated to be higher in satisfaction than Korean referee(p<.01). On the other hand, in case of referee's decision direction, Korean referee was indicated to be higher than foreign referee(p<.05). As for factor that becomes the most obstacle in referee's decision, the response as saying that the so-called 'order game' becomes the most obstacle was indicated to be higher in foreign referee compared to Korean referee(p<.01). In a problem that happens given a game with electronic protector, the response as saying that the game time is much delayed, and the respondents who answered that the technique in high difficulty level is the reference of superior decision, were indicated to be larger in foreign referee than Korean referee(p<.01). Second, as a result of examining according to age, the lower age led to being shown to be higher in the recognition(p<.05) and satisfaction(p<.01) with using electronic protector. Third, examining according to gender, as for what is thought to be the most proper for the standard of superior decision, men were indicated to be higher in opinion as saying that frequency of preemptive attack is proper and in displaying a skill(p<.05). Fourth, examining according to referee's qualification, as for group that fails to trust the most in referee's decision, the ratio of having been responded to be parents and audience was indicated to be higher in level 2 compared to level 1 and level 3(p<.05). As for factor that becomes the most obstacle to referee's decision, level 2 was indicated to be higher in opinion as saying that irrationality of game regulations becomes the most obstacle than level 3 and level 1(p<.05). In declaring superior victory, the chief referee's independent decision and a method of deciding after deliberation of the chief referee․assistant referee were indicated to be higher in the lower level. (p<.01)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to enhance referee's quality, to secure fairness of referee's decision, and to pursue improvement policy for this, through analyzing the actual status according to referee's decision in international referees. To achieve this objective, data was collected targeting 85 international referees. The collected data was carried out frequency analysis, cross tabulation, and t-test by using spss 12.0 program. The following conclusions were obtained. First, as a result of examining on recognizing referee's decision according to membership, the foreign referee was indicated to be higher in recognition on fairness(p<.05) and precision(p<.001) compared to Korean referee. Even in case of using electronic protector and of recognizing referee's decision, the foreign referee was indicated to be higher in satisfaction than Korean referee(p<.01). On the other hand, in case of referee's decision direction, Korean referee was indicated to be higher than foreign referee(p<.05). As for factor that becomes the most obstacle in referee's decision, the response as saying that the so-called 'order game' becomes the most obstacle was indicated to be higher in foreign referee compared to Korean referee(p<.01). In a problem that happens given a game with electronic protector, the response as saying that the game time is much delayed, and the respondents who answered that the technique in high difficulty level is the reference of superior decision, were indicated to be larger in foreign referee than Korean referee(p<.01). Second, as a result of examining according to age, the lower age led to being shown to be higher in the recognition(p<.05) and satisfaction(p<.01) with using electronic protector. Third, examining according to gender, as for what is thought to be the most proper for the standard of superior decision, men were indicated to be higher in opinion as saying that frequency of preemptive attack is proper and in displaying a skill(p<.05). Fourth, examining according to referee's qualification, as for group that fails to trust the most in referee's decision, the ratio of having been responded to be parents and audience was indicated to be higher in level 2 compared to level 1 and level 3(p<.05). As for factor that becomes the most obstacle to referee's decision, level 2 was indicated to be higher in opinion as saying that irrationality of game regulations becomes the most obstacle than level 3 and level 1(p<.05). In declaring superior victory, the chief referee's independent decision and a method of deciding after deliberation of the chief referee․assistant referee were indicated to be higher in the lower level. (p<.01)
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