현대시에 나타난 ‘다문화(多文化)’의 양상들 －김수영, 김정환, 유 하의 시를 중심으로－

Abstract

This paper aims to find out the effects of multi-culture(its acceptance attitude) on test formation of Korean literature by multi-cultural phenomena/symptoms represented in the middle and late 20th century. This becomes literary and, at the same time, cultural work which re- constitutes the previous history of Korean multi-culture through literary works. There are poets such as Kim Su-young, Kim Jeong-hwan, Yu ha who show self-conscious and characteristic recognition of ‘multi-culture' in their poems in the middle and late 20th centuries. First of all, Kim Su-young intends to offset the limping of Korean modern politics·history by cultural appropriation through positive rediscovery and restoration of Korean traditional culture and subordinate culture. While Kim Su-young attempts ‘cultural appropriation of politics·history, Kim Jeong-hwan attempts ‘political·historical appropriation of culture'. At this time, the subject of Kim Su-young's appropriation is Korean history and culture, he reaches affirmation toward Korean culture by way of historial experiences of multi-culture. Meanwhile, the subject of Kim Jeong-hwan's appro- priation is politics, economy and culture of other country that urge America, Korea, Japan, etc. to new colonization. Kim Jeong-hwan strictly awakens to and criticizes violence and un-ethicality of other culture/ multi-culture in violent reality under the rule of military dictatorship. Yu ha clearly realizes the reality in which other culture(/multi-culture) in 1990s became the subject of popularity and consumption under ‘cultural economic appropriation' phenomena. The cultural way of reading of reflecting on ‘economic phenomena of culture' conducted across the society in the name of popularity is highly political. Thus, Yu ha's political independence of culture is concentrated on bringing a charge against the deception and fiction of capitalistic system and the political system parasitic on it. The recognition of other culture(/multi-culture) showed by Kim Su-young, Kim Jeong-hwan and Yu Ha respectively reflects the current political, social and cultural paradigm and develops coping with the paradigm. The Korean society and literature in the middle 20th century formed peculiar scenery through various processes to cope with other culture(/multure-culture), and has established the site for happy co- existence with other culture(/multure-culture).