조선의 宗系와 倭事를 曲筆한 중국 文獻

Abstract

During the Ming and Qing dynasties there were many books published officially and privately which discussed the problems about the ancestry of Josen’s first king and issues concerning Japan. However this meant there could have been distortions about this history. The main reason for this was a lack of understanding about Josen history. The next reason was that this misunderstanding of Josen history was continuously quoted by subsequent historians. Despite requests by the Josen and the Chinese emperor to change these mistakes, hidden political agendas resulted in the mistakes being published for a long time. There are four distortions in the history recorded by the Ming dynasty. Firstly, the first king of Josen’s ancestry; secondly, the supposed creation of the Josen dynasty by usurpation; thirdly, claims that BUSAN was a part of Japan and that Josen paid tribute to Tsushima Island(對馬島) ; fourthly, that the king Seonjo(宣祖) allowed for the Japanese invasion of Josen due to his indulgence on poetry and drinking. The Josen dynasty was concerned about the distortions of the first king’s ancestry and made requests to the Ming emperor to amend the histories. It took 200 years of the Josen dynasty’s persistence for the Ming dynasty to amend their “WORLD HISTORIES” and for this to be proclaimed in Josen and have the issue resolved. Despite the official resolution of the issues surrounding the first king’s ancestry, the private publications of famous scholars continued to have distortions. Emperor DONGCHI of Qing dynasty reasoned that before the creation of the official amended Ming history, the histories were written by village scholars who had little experience of the wider world, resulting in these distortions. These books were not widely circulated in China and thus there was no need to revise or remove them, so the education departments of each province were instructed to tell the BUJUHYUNHAK about this. Also the issue was just finalised with the Ming history being used as the basis from then on. The authors of the mentioned distortions were mainly from JIANGNAN(江南). It was thought that from the Ming dynasty’s Hongzhi period there was a sharp increase in the number of book publishers. In reality, from the Zhengde(正德) period to the middle of the Jiajing(嘉靖) period in the Fujian(福建) area publishers sought to make a profit and distributed their books widely. In the late Ming dynasty even low level scholars and some common citizens took part in writing books. Jejiang’s Suzhou (蘇州) was advanced in the humanities and the nobility had significant libraries, and even rare books were published daily. Places like Jejiang’s Ningbo(寧波) were centres of trade with Japan for various products such as books. Also, Japanese envoys carrying tributes had to pass through . Jejiang to go to Bejing(北京). Places like Fujian or Jiangsu(江蘇) were the starting point to get to Jejiang’s Hangzhou (杭州) or liuqiu (琉球), and there was much trade with the Japanese here. Japanese books entering China and Japanese stories were blindly accepted by Chinese scholars and distortions about Josen history arose.