조선 후기 가사에서 타자로서 서양의 재현 양상과 근대성의 관계

Abstract

This study analyzed the aspects and relationship with modernities that Joseon society met with the West in the late Joseon Dynasty and represented it in the Kasa. First, the present writer classified the other into four categories: the opposite of identity, the ideals of the ego, the relation of daedae(待對) of ego, and the stranger. Then, after analyzing the corresponding Kasa texts, both were synthesized. As in the quotation of Byeongin-yeonhaeng-ga, when identity is composed with only Joseon culture and ideology and the West is regarded as the opposite of identity, Koreans have feelings of fear, anxiety, and anger. Koreans who accept the discourse that represents the West as the opposite of identity, observe the culture, thoughts, and ideology of Joseon from the standpoint of self-affirmation, and deny others, rejecting or committing violence against Western culture, thoughts, and ideologies. They maintained an isolationist attitude toward Western culture and modernization. As in the quotation of Syeoyu-gyeonmun-rok, when the West is regarded as the ideal of the self, Koreans have feelings of admiration and envy. Koreans who accept the discourse that represents the West as the ideal of the self, deny themselves and aim for others, imitate and respect them, and try to make others themselves. They fell into Eurocentrism and actively embraced Western culture and tried to enlighten the Joseon dynasty. Furthermore, some of them replaced the West with Japan and identified pro-Japanese and comprador acts with modernization. As in the quotation of Haeyu-ga, when the West is embraced within and regarded as the relation of daedae of ego, Koreans will have feelings of reflection. Koreans who accept the discourse that represents the West as the relation of daedae of ego affirm and deny themselves, embracing others, solidarity, self-reflection, and forming the subject. They reflectively accepted Western culture. As in the quotation of Muja-seohaeng-rok, when the West is viewed as a stranger, Koreans initially feel alienated and distance themselves from them. However, if more encounters are made, this will change to curiosity and approach. Koreans who accepted the discourse that represents the West as strangers were initially wary of others by adopting a self-defense posture, but if contact continued, they approached with curiosity. If the contact proceeded more continuously, depending on the relationship between the subject and the other, it was transformed into the opposite of identity, the ideals of the ego, the relation of daedae of ego.