인종이 범죄피해 신고에 미치는 영향: 동양계 미국인의 강도와 폭행피해 신고경향을 중심으로
The Impact of Racial Membership on the Reporting Crime Victimization
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미국에는 한국인을 포함한 많은 동양계 이민자들이 거주하고 있지만, 이제까지 피해자학자들은 이들을 주로 흑인과 병합하여 연구했기 때문에 이들의 범죄피해 신고 경향이 제대로 검증되지 못했다. 동양계 미국인들이 다른 인종그룹과 폭행과 강도사건의 피해신고경향의 차이가 있는 지를 조사하기 위해 미국의 1992년부터 2002년까지의 전미범죄피해조사 (the National Crime Victimization Survey)자료를 이용하여, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 이들은 흑인들에 비해 강도피해신고를 적게 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 흥미롭게도, 아시아인들은 흑인강도가 연루된 강도사건은 적게 신고하는 경향을 보이면서도, 흑인 가해자가 포함된 폭행사건은 더욱 자주 신고하는 경향을 보였다. 아시아인들의 과소 피해신고 현상의 이유를 전미피해조사로부터 직접적으로 알 수는 없었지만, 도널드 블랙의 (Donald Black) 법의 행동이론과 동양계 미국인에 대한 질적 연구에 기반해 볼 때, 언어소통의 어려움, 이민자라는 사회적 지위, 소매중심 사업형태, 경찰에 대한 부정적 인식 등이 작용한 것으로 추정할 수 있었다.
Abstract
In the victimization report literature, Asians have been categorized as either Blacks or Whites, and as a result, the victimization-reporting pattern of Asians has never been examined. To test whether Asians were different from other racial groups in their reporting decisions, the robbery and assault victimization cases identified in the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) from 1992 to 2002 were used. The logistic regression analysis revealed Asians were significantly less likely to report robbery and assault victimization to the police than other ethnic groups, particularly Black victims. Interestingly, Asians were less likely to report robbery cases involving Black robbers. Asians however were more likely to report the assault cases involving Black assailants. While the reasons for Asian victims’ underreporting pattern were not directly provided by the NCVS, it was speculated that Asians’language problems, immigration status, business styles, and relationship with the police might have contributed to the underreporting decisions.
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