“이모티비즘적 자아”와 칼뱅의 도덕적 자아

Abstract

Modern society is characterized by the concept of “incommensurability" on human good. so it is studded with conflicts and oppositions, disruptions and struggles, resulting from our permitting fundamentally different pursuit of goods but not capable of getting through shared understandings of comparing and assessing them. To emphasize the autonomy of individuals is a peculiar feature of modernity which was never experienced in pre-modern society. The character of modernity is summarized as the moral chaos and ethical uncertainty by privileging individual rights and weakening solidarity of community. And such a moral crisis of modernity comes out what MacIntyre says 'emotivism' simply to express attitudes or preferences of individuals. In MacIntyre's view, emotivist cultures in modern era flows from theirs obliteration of the distinction between manipulative and non-manipulative personal relations and ultimately reduce all personal relations to manipulative relations, by regarding all moral discussions as mere attempts by one party to alter the preferences and feelings of other parties so that they are compelled to accord with his/her own moral position. Yet prevailing emotivist cultures today is due to failures of modern Enlightenment's project which have tried rationally to justify morality. The aim of this paper is to look into particularly MacIntyre's views on the emotivist self, through which I try not only to understand the meaning of the emotivist self, but to examine the justification of MacIntyre's views on that concept. In his account of the development of the modern concept of selfhood, MacIntyre argues that the Reformation-thinkers played some important roles in paving the way for modern morality, especially modern selfhood, that is "the emotivist self". This researcher, however, challenges MacIntyre's arguments that Reformation is closely related to the formation of modern selfhood so that his cognitive interest of handling Reformers' theory is critically examined. And it is argued that the Reformational view point may offer a new alternative to the medievalist perspective, which MacIntyre endorses, and to the concept on the modern individual(emotivist) self which he criticizes. Calvin's instruction that the human self stands inescapably before God and we must assess all other role-options and values from that standpoint, is recommended as deserving more attentions in post-modern society.