현대 한국헌정과 국민통합, 1945-1948: '단정파'와 '중도파'의 정치노선과 헌정구상

Abstract

This paper intends to examine the struggle of political lines and constitutional ideas for the national integration between the right and the middle in south Korea from 1945 to 1948. It will trace specifically the confrontation between ‘international collaboration route’ and ‘national independent route’. This paper’s theses are as followings: First, the majority of Koreans wants the immediate independence and selfrule around 1945. But, the United States asserted the independence through trusteeship. Second, in the year 1946, there was a big clash between the national independent group and the international collaboration group. Then, the integration policy of the United States was confronted with fundamental crisis. That was caused by the communist’s resistance of the Soviet Union and Korea. Ironically, South Korea right wing was the strongest dissenter. To get over this crisis, the United States tried to exclude the extremist and to support the coalition groups of the left and right(chawoohabjakpa), and established SKILA(namjosungadoibbubiwon). Thirdly, the integrated strategy of the United States breaks down completely at 1947 and the national independent group of Syngman Rhee and the Kim Koo achieved a victory. Fourthly, but, the United States refused to recognize the last failure of the international collaboration line. It was his last effort that Albert E. Brown drew up Development of Political Program to aim at the regeneration of the United States’ first idea. Fifthly, there were the conflict and clash of the constitutional ideas between the right and the middle. The first, Constitution for South Korea. The second, Temporary Constitution of Korea. Lastly, Temporary Constitution of Korea was the first constitution which the right and left came to an agreement with each other through due deliberation in the official organization. It condensed every controversial political issues on national integration between the right and left into a constitution after 1945.