팔레스타인 가자지구 주민들의 외상경험과 정신건강 실태
Traumatic experiences and psychological disorders among Palestinians in Gaza strip
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 2013년 2월부터 5월까지 팔레스타인 가자지구에 거주하는 주민들(N=270)을 대상으로 그들이 경험한 외상사건을 살펴보고, 외상경험과 정신건강변인들간의 관계를 분석했다. 먼저 외상경험을 살펴본 결과, 연구 참여자의 93.0%가 1건 이상의 외상사건을 경험했으며, 구체적으로 재산손실 및 파괴, 가까운 가족의 죽음, 최루가스 공격, 야간공습 등을 경험했다고 응답했다. 둘째, 외상후 스트레스 위험군은 전체의 53.5%, 불안증상 위험군은 58.1%, 우울증상 위험군은 57.4%로 나타나 매우 심각했으며, 셋째, 외상경험과 정신건강변인간의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 외상사건 경험빈도는 외상후 스트레스, 신체화 증상, 적대감에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과의 시사점과 제한점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The present study examined what traumatic events Palestinians living in Gaza Strip(N=270) have experienced and how those experiences are associated with psychological disorders(i.e., PTSD, anxiety, depression, somatization, hostility, life-satisfaction) by using the data obtained from February to May 2013. The results showed that 93.0% of the participants experienced at leat one traumatic event, and many had traumatic experiences such as property loss, close family members' death, tear gas attacks, and night raids. Second, among 270 participants, 53.5% reported PTSD, 58.1% anxiety, and 57.4% depression. Third, traumatic experiences were significantly associated with PTSD, somatization, and hostility. Lastly, the implications and limitations of the results were discussed.
참고문헌 (58)
- 권용철, "경찰관의 외상후 스트레스 장애(PTSD) 증상과 관련된 인지적, 정서적 특성", 한국심리학회지 임상, 32(3), pp.649~665 (2013), 한국임상심리학회
- 김희경, "북한이탈주민의 외상 유형에 따른 복합 PTSD와 PTSD 증상의 차이", 한국심리학회지:일반, 31(4), pp.1003~1022 (2012), 한국심리학회
- 윤병세 장관, 유엔인권이사회 ‘위안부’ 연설문, "뉴스1 (2014, 3, 6)", 2014
- 손정남, "허베이 스피리트호 유류유출 피해 지역 주민의 외상 후 스트레스 장애, 우울, 상태분노 및 자살생각에 대한 연구", 정신간호학회지, 17(4), pp.411~420 (2008), 정신간호학회
- 안현의, "복합외상(complex trauma)의 개념과 경험적 근거", 한국심리학회지:일반, 26(1), pp.105~119 (2007), 한국심리학회
- 오수성, "5·18 피해자들의 생활스트레스, 대처방식, 지각된 사회적 지지와 외상후 스트레스, 심리건강 간 관계", 한국심리학회지 임상, 27(3), pp.595~611 (2008), 한국임상심리학회
- 오수성, "518 피해자들의 만성 외상 후 스트레스와 정신건강", 한국심리학회지:일반, 25(2), pp.59~75 (2006), 한국심리학회
- 이경화, "형사과 근무 경찰관들의 외상사건에 대한 실태 연구", 한국심리학회지 : 법정, 4(1), pp.35~46 (2013)
- 이선미, "버스사고 피해자의 심리적 특성 및 외상후 스트레스 장애 발병 관련 변인", 한국심리학회지 임상, 21(3), pp.547~563 (2002), 한국임상심리학회
- 이지민, "성매매 여성들의 복합 외상 후 스트레스 장애", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 20(2), pp.553~580 (2008), 한국상담심리학회
- 조영아, "남한 내 7년 이상 거주한 북한이탈주민의 정신건강 예측요인", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 21(1), pp.329~348 (2009), 한국상담심리학회
- 최빛내, "탈북 여성의 외상 경험과 성격병리가 심리 증상에 미치는 영향", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 23(1), pp.195~212 (2011), 한국상담심리학회
- 한국과 이스라엘관계 보고서, "팔레스타인평화연대", 팔레스타인평화연대, ~ (2012)
- Abu Hein, F., "Trauma and mental health of children in Gaza", British Medical Journal, 306, pp.1130~1131 (1993)
- American Psychiatric Association (APA), "Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders" (1994), American Psychiatric Association (APA)
- Allwood, M. A., "Children’s trauman and adjustment reactions to violence and nonviolent war experiences", Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(4), pp.450~457 (2002)
- "U. N. Human Rights Chief: Israel’s blockade of Gaza strip is illegal"[URL]
- Brown, R. C., "Trauma exposure and Axis I psychopathology: A cotwin control analysis in Norwegian young adults" (2013), Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
- "B'Tselem's investigation of fatalities in Operation Cast Lead" (2009)[URL]
- Butterfield, M. I., "Hostility and functional health status in women veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder : A preliminary study", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13(4), pp.735~741 (2000)
- Davidson, G. R., "Review of refugee mental health and wellbeing : Australian perspectives", Australian Psychologist, 43, pp.160~174 (2008)
- Diener, E., "The satisfaction with life scale", Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, pp.71~75 (1985)
- Elklit, A., "Predictive factors for somatization in a trauma sample", Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 5(1) (2009)
- Espie, E., "Trauma-related psychological disorders among Palestinian children and adults in Gaza and West Bank, 2005-2008", International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 3(21) (2009)
- Fazel, M., "Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000refugees resettled in Western countries: A systematic review", The Lancet, 365(9467), pp.1309~1314 (2005)
- Foa, E. B., "The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder : The posttraumatic diagnostic scale", Psychological Assessment, 9(4), pp.445~451 (1997)
- "Israeli document: Gaza blockade isn’t about security" (2010)[URL]
- Gaboulaud V, "Psychological support for Palestinian children and adults: An analysis of data from people referred to the Medecins Sans Frontieres programme for behavioral and emotional disorders in the occupied Palestinian territory", Intervention, 8, pp.131~142 (2010)
- Heptinstall, E., "PTSD and depression in refugee children : Association with pre-migration trauma and post-migration stress", European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 13, pp.373~380 (2004)
- Herman, J., "Complex PTSD : A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5, pp.377~391 (1992)
- Jakupcak, "Anger, hostility, and aggression among Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans reporting PTSD and subthreshold PTSD", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(6), pp.945~954 (2007)
- Kinzie, J. D., "A three-year follow-up of Cambodian young people traumatized as children", Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, pp.501~504 (1989)
- Macksoud, M. S., "The war experiences and psychosocial development of children in Lebanon", Child Development, 67(1), pp.70~88 (1996)
- Mghir, R., "Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder among a community sample of adolescent and young adult Afghan refugees", The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183, pp.24~30 (1995)
- Miller, T., "Emotional and behavioural problems and trauma exposure of school-age Palestinian children in Gaza: Some preliminary findings", Medicine, conflict and survival, 15, pp.368~378 (1999)
- Mollica, R. F., "Measuring Trauma, Measuring Torture: Instructions and Guidance on the Utilization of the Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma’s Versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ)" (2004), Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma
- Orth, U., "Anger, hostility, and posttraumatic stress disorder in traumaexposed adults : A meta-analysis", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(4), pp.698~706 (2006)
- Papageorgiou, V., "War trauma and psychopathology in Bosnian refugee children", European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 9, pp.84~90 (2000)
- Pelcovitz, D., "Development of a criteria set and a structured interview for disorders of extreme stress(SIDES)", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10, pp.3~16 (1997)
- Perez, L. G., "Trauma exposure and health : The role of depressive and hyperarousal symptoms", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25, pp.641~648 (2012)
- Rauch, S. A. M., "Relationship between anxiety, depression, and health satisfaction among veterans with PTSD", Journal of Affective Disorders, 121, pp.165~168 (2010)
- "Dalu family in Gaza mourns dead after Israel bombs house" (2012)[URL]
- Rosen, G. M., "Litigation and reported rates of postraumatic stress disorder", Personality and Individual Differences, 36, pp.1291~1294 (2004)
- Sack, W. H., "Twelve-year follow-up study of Khmer youths who suffered massive war trauma as children", Journal of the American Academy of Child &Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, pp.1173~1179 (1999)
- Savin, D., "The Khmer Adolescent Project : Ⅲ. A study of trauma from Thailand’s site II refugee camp", Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(3), pp.384~391 (1996)
- Schiraldi, G., "Posttraumatic stress disorder sourcebook" (2000), McGraw-Hill
- Servan-Schreiber, D., "Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder in Tibetan refugee children", Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, pp.874~879 (1998)
- Sheeran, T., "Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder in a general psychiatric outpatient setting", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, pp.961~966 (2002)
- Summerfield, D., "Health and human rights in Gaza", British Medical Journal, 306, pp.1416~ (1993)
- Stevens, A., "Self-report vs. clinical interview for posttraumatic stress disorder in medicolegal assessment", German Journal of Psychiatry, 16(3), pp.87~94 (2013)
- Thabet, A. A., "Comorbidity of PTSD and depression among refugee children during war conflict", Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(3), pp.533~542 (2004)
- Thabet, A. A., "Post-traumatic stress reactions in children of war", Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(3), pp.385~391 (1999)
- "Rights group names 1,417 Gaza War dead" (2009)[URL]
- "Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the implementation of Human Rights Council resolutions S-9/1 and S-12/1" (2013)[URL]
- Van Ommeren, M., "The relationship between somatic and PTSD symptoms among Bhutanese refugee torture survivors : examination of comorbidity with anxiety and depression", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15(5), pp.415~421 (2002)
- Weine, S. M., "Adolescent survivors of"ethnic cleansing" : Observations on the first year in America", Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, pp.1153~1159 (1995)
- Wittchen, H. -U., "Prevalence of mental disorders and psychosocial impairments in adolescents and young adults", Psychological Medicine, 28, pp.109~126 (1998)
- "Terror attack: Blast on Tel Aviv bus; 28 hurt" (2012)[URL]
