The anticariogenic effect of lytic enzyme produced from soil microorganism
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Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases. Although its prevalence has declined significantly in many countries, dental caries in Korea remains a public health concern. The essential process in dental caries involves demineralization of the tooth surface due to a lowered pH in dental plaque, which contains various microorganisms. Streptococcus mutans is believed to play a major role in the development of dental caries by producing high concentrations of organic acids. This study aimed to evaluate the cariogenic potential of the lytic enzyme L27, derived from Bacillus licheniformis YL-1005, isolated from Korean soil. Enzyme L27 was not cytotoxic to normal periodontal ligament cells at concentrations below 250 µg/mL and had minimal impact on the pH changes caused by S. mutans . Calcium ion release occurred slowly and progressively during the first 20 minutes, but demineralization was significantly inhibited by L27. The attachment of S. mutans to hydroxyapatite beads and the reduction in surface hardness were also significantly inhibited, although the rate of bacterial attachment decreased over time. Taken together, these findings suggest that the lytic enzyme L27 from soil-derived bacteria exhibits anticariogenic effects by preventing bacterial attachment to the enamel surface and inhibiting demineralization.
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases. Although its prevalence has declined significantly in many countries, dental caries in Korea remains a public health concern. The essential process in dental caries involves demineralization of the tooth surface due to a lowered pH in dental plaque, which contains various microorganisms. Streptococcus mutans is believed to play a major role in the development of dental caries by producing high concentrations of organic acids. This study aimed to evaluate the cariogenic potential of the lytic enzyme L27, derived from Bacillus licheniformis YL-1005, isolated from Korean soil. Enzyme L27 was not cytotoxic to normal periodontal ligament cells at concentrations below 250 µg/mL and had minimal impact on the pH changes caused by S. mutans . Calcium ion release occurred slowly and progressively during the first 20 minutes, but demineralization was significantly inhibited by L27. The attachment of S. mutans to hydroxyapatite beads and the reduction in surface hardness were also significantly inhibited, although the rate of bacterial attachment decreased over time. Taken together, these findings suggest that the lytic enzyme L27 from soil-derived bacteria exhibits anticariogenic effects by preventing bacterial attachment to the enamel surface and inhibiting demineralization.