철학과 인문학, 개념적 상호작용의 역사 - 서양학문의 형성과 발전에 대한 소고
Philosophy and the Humanities: A History of their Conceptual Interaction
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Philosophy and the humanities occupy two main branches in the history of western academic concepts. Our aim is to show that these concepts were formed and developed in correlation. We follow the methodology of ‘historical semantics of concepts’ founded by Reinhart Koselleck, a well-known German historian. There has been a long-standing feud from the beginning between philosophy and the humanities due to their different ideas: knowledge (episteme) and opinion (doxa). The former is related to scientific knowledge, and the latter to the humanist tradition. Each of the two concepts determined its identity through complementary cooperation, on the one hand, and by reciprocal criticism, on the other, even if they were for largely in irreconcilable circumstances with each other. Following the emergence of modern science, a conflict arose between science and culture, while we have an impression that the old conflict between philosophy and the humanities has decreased because these domains are now united in culture. However, in academia and universities, the traditional humanities have been substituted by the human or social sciences, so that the humanities, properly speaking, have disappeared definitely. Literature was born in a completely new way, while history and philosophy came to belong to the human sciences. Philosophy, however, can appear to function as an independent branch, especially in France. That is to say, in Europe, the humanities and philosophy had never belonged to the same category. Nowadays, philosophy belongs to the humanities in our university education system. This reflects the American system of academic distinction, which is totally different from that of Europe. Therefore, if we do not consider the European history of academic concepts, our concepts of philosophy and the humanities will retain their ambiguous identity.
Abstract
Philosophy and the humanities occupy two main branches in the history of western academic concepts. Our aim is to show that these concepts were formed and developed in correlation. We follow the methodology of ‘historical semantics of concepts’ founded by Reinhart Koselleck, a well-known German historian. There has been a long-standing feud from the beginning between philosophy and the humanities due to their different ideas: knowledge (episteme) and opinion (doxa). The former is related to scientific knowledge, and the latter to the humanist tradition. Each of the two concepts determined its identity through complementary cooperation, on the one hand, and by reciprocal criticism, on the other, even if they were for largely in irreconcilable circumstances with each other. Following the emergence of modern science, a conflict arose between science and culture, while we have an impression that the old conflict between philosophy and the humanities has decreased because these domains are now united in culture. However, in academia and universities, the traditional humanities have been substituted by the human or social sciences, so that the humanities, properly speaking, have disappeared definitely. Literature was born in a completely new way, while history and philosophy came to belong to the human sciences. Philosophy, however, can appear to function as an independent branch, especially in France. That is to say, in Europe, the humanities and philosophy had never belonged to the same category. Nowadays, philosophy belongs to the humanities in our university education system. This reflects the American system of academic distinction, which is totally different from that of Europe. Therefore, if we do not consider the European history of academic concepts, our concepts of philosophy and the humanities will retain their ambiguous identity.
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