산불진화 활동시 유해물질 노출 평가
Evaluation of Exposure to Hazard Substances in Forest Fire Suppression
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초록
본 연구에서는 소나무 낙엽, 굴참나무 낙엽과 소나무 낙엽 + 생엽, 생가지 등 세 가지 연소 조건에서 발생하는 유해물질의 종류와 양을 측정하였다. 측정 결과, 미세먼지의 경우 고농도로 방출되고 있어 호흡기의 건강영향에 대한 대비가 필요하다. 휘발성유기화합물에서는 벤젠 등이 일반 대기에 비해 높은 수준으로 발생하였다. 총수지산류가 영국 정부의 노출기준을 상회하는 수준으로 발생하였고, 포름알데히드 역시 단기간 기준을 초과하는 수준으로 발생하였다. 산류 중에서는 황산의 농도가 단기간 노출기준 대비 약 30% 수준까지 확인되었다. 이산화탄소의 농도는 실내 농도 수준과 비슷하고, 일산화탄소는 높게 검출되었으나 고용노동부의 노출기준 이하였다. 소나무 생엽, 생가지를 연소할 때 미세먼지와 화학물질를 포함한 다양한 유해물질들이 다른 2가지 경우보다 더 높은 농도로 발생하였다. 이러한 측정 자료들은 향후 산불 진화대원과 지역주민들의 안전 기준을 정립하는 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다.
Abstract
The study measured the types and amount of hazard substances in three burning conditions: burning leaves of Pinus densiflora, leaves of Quercus variabilis Blume, and a combination of live leaves and live branches of Pinus densiflora. The result demonstrates the importance of securing the respiratory health system when a high level of fine particles was emitted. The level of emitted benzene was relatively high compared to that in atmosphere. The level of total resin acids exceeded the U.K. regulation level, with formaldehyde surpassing the recommended short-term level. Sulfuric acid was measured about 30 percent of the short-term exposure level. Carbon dioxide concentration was similar to indoor CO2 concentration, while carbon monoxide concentration was lower than the exposure level suggested by the Korean government. As for burning conditions, burning live leaves and branches of Pinus densiflora produced the highest concentration of various hazard substances including fine particles and chemicals.
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