원양어업 옵서버 프로그램 운영현황과 개선방안
Study on the status and improvement of national observer programs for Korean distant water fisheries
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초록
유엔해양법 및 유엔공해어업협정이 발효된 이후 지역수산관리기구(RFMO)를 통한 국제협력이 요구되었고, 각 RFMO는 보존관리조치의 준수 여부 및 공동으로 이용하는 자원의 보존과 관리를 위한 조업 활동과 생물학적 정보 수집을 위해 관할수역 조업선의 옵서버 승선을 의무화하였다. RFMO에서 요구하는 옵서버 이행률은 5∼100%로 기구마다 달리 설정하고 있다. 또한 다랑어 관련 RFMO에서는 목표종뿐만 아니라 부수어획종과 생태계중요종(상어류, 바닷새류, 바다거북류, 해양포유류)에 대한 이들에 대한 신뢰성 있는 정량적 분석을 위해 연승어업의 옵서버 이행률을 5%에서 20%까지 강화할 것을 권고하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 RFMOs 동향에 대응하기 앞으로 해결해야 할 우리나라 원양어업의 과학옵서버 프로그램에 대한 개선방안을 고찰하였다.
Abstract
After the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA) came into effect, international cooperation through Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) was required, and each RFMO established and adopted the Conservation and Management Measure (CMM) for the regional Observer Programs to collect data on fishing activities and biological information and to monitor compliance with its CMMs. The observer coverage required by RFMO is set differently for each organization, ranging from 5% to 100%. In addition, tuna-RFMOs recommend increasing observer coverage in longline fisheries by at least 20% for reliable quantitative analysis of not only target species but also bycatch species and ecologically related species such as sharks, seabirds, sea turtles, and marine mammals. Therefore, in this study, we discussed ways to improve the national observer programs of Korean distant water fisheries that should be addressed in the future to respond to the RFMO trends.
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