과학옵서버 조사에 의한 인도양 수역 한국 다랑어 선망선 FAD 조업의 부수어획실태
Characteristics on bycatch in Korean tuna purse seine fishery associated with FAD in the Indian Ocean by scientific observer programs
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초록
본 연구에서는 인동양 우리나라 선망선의 FAD 조업에 의한 부수어획실태를 파악하고자 2016년부터 2018년까지 과학옵서버 조사를 통해 조업형태별(부상군 조업, 자연유목군 조업, FAD 조업) 부수어획실태를 조사하였다. 인도양에서 우리나라 선망선이 사용하고 있는 선망 어군유집장치는 부유식 FAD로 ISSF가 제시한 분류 기준에 따르면 얽힘 없는 FAD에 속하였다. 인도양에서 조업하는 우리나라 선망선의 목표종은 가다랑어, 황다랑어, 그리고 눈다랑어이었고, 이들이 총 어획량의 99%를 차지하였다. 우리나라 선망어업에 의한 부수어획(목표종 제외) 비율은 0.97%였으며, 폐기량은 총 어획량의 1% 미만으로 폐기처리 없이 거의 전량 어획물로 이용하였다. 조업형태별 부수어획 비율은 부상군 조업이 0.12%, FAD 조업이 1.09%, 자연유목군 조업이 1.25%이었고, 상어의 부수어획 비율은 부상군 조업이 0.01%, FAD 조업이 0.11%, 자연유목군 조업이 0.10%로 부상군 조업이 다른 조업에 비해 부수어획 비율이 낮았다. 그러나 한국 선망 FAD 조업에 의한 부수어획 및 상어 어획 비율은 인도의 다른 선망 FAD 조업에 비해 낮은 것으로 추정된다.
Abstract
In order to understand characteristics on bycatch of Korean tuna purse seine fishery, especially operations associated with Fish Aggregating Device (FAD) in the Indian Ocean, we conducted analyses related to bycatch by school association type (unassociated school, FAD associated school and log associated school) using the data collected by scientific observers from 2016 to 2018. The FAD used by Korean tuna purse seine fishery in the Indian Ocean was a drifting FAD, which belongs to non-entangling FADs according to the category proposed by the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF). The target species of Korean tuna purse seine fishery are skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tunas, accounting for 99% of the total catch. The ratio of bycatch was 0.97% in total catch and the discard accounted for less than 1%, indicating that most catch was retained on board. In terms of bycatch ratio by school association type, it accounted for 0.12% for unassociated school, 1.09% for FAD associated school and 1.25% for log associated school. As for the catch proportion of shark species by school association type, it accounted for 0.01% for unassociated school, 0.11% for FAD associated school and 0.10% for log associated school, which showed that unassociated school type was the lowest to affect bycatch of non-target and shark species. Given the proportion of bycatch compositions, however, it is considered that FAD associated school of Korean tuna purse seine fishery has less caught bycatch species of non-target and shark, compared to other fleets operating in the Indian Ocean.
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