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물질주의가 기부의도에 미치는 영향: 자존감의 조절적 역할을 중심으로

The Investigating of Materialism-Donation Intention Relation : The Moderating role of Self-Esteem

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

소비자원의 조사에 따르면 우리나라 성인은 평균적으로 9개의 수입 명품을 소유하고 있으며매년 2개 정도의 명품을 새로 구입하는 것으로 나타났다. 금전이나 상품과 같은 재화의 소유를최고의 가치로 여기는 ‘물질주의(materialism)’ 인식이 사회 전반에 팽배해지고 있는 것이다. 그러나 그 동안 물질주의는 이타주의나 공유와 같은 친사회적 행동과 반대되는 개념으로만 제시되어 왔을 뿐 기부의도와 같은 친사회적 행동에 실제로 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해서는 충분한 연구가 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 물질주의가 기부의도 미치는 영향을 규명하고, 자존감이 이러한 관계를 조절하는지에 대해 검증하였다. 자존감이 위축되거나 낮은 사람들은 자기 존재의 필요성을 확인하기 위해 더 활발히 자원봉사 활동에 참여할 수 있기 때문이다. 연구 결과, 물질주의가 높을수록 기부의도가 낮아질 것이라는 가설의 방향성은 일치하였으나, 그 영향력은 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 자존감이 낮을수록 기부의도는 커지는것으로 확인되었고, 물질주의와 자존감의 상호작용은 기부행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로나타났다. 즉 자존감이 낮고, 물질주의 성향이 높을수록 기부의도는 커지는 것으로 나타났으며, 자존감이 높은 경우에는 물질주의 성향의 높고 낮음에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

According to Korea Consumer Agency, adults in Korea on average own nine luxury goods and buy about two new luxury goods each year. The perception of “materialism,” which regards possession of money and goods as the best value, is spreading throughout society. Materialism has only been presented as a concept opposite to pro-social behavior such as altruism and sharing, but not enough research has been done on how it actually affects pro-social behavior such as intention to donate. Thus, this study identified the effect of materialism on donation intention and verified whether self-esteem moderates this relationship. This is because people with lower self-esteem can more actively participate in volunteer work to identify the need for their own existence. The results have shown that the higher the materialism, the lower the degree of donation intention, but the influence is not significant. However, it was found that the lower the self-esteem, the greater the degree of donation intention, and the interaction between materialism and self-esteem has shown to have a significant impact on donation intention. In other words, the lower the self-esteem, the higher the tendency of materialism, the greater the degree of donation, and in the case of high self-esteem, the higher and lower the tendency of materialism does not show much difference.

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