여말선초의 금동불감 연구- 순천 송광사 高峰國師 불감을 중심으로

Abstract

A Buddhist shrine is a shrine for a Buddhist statue, which was built form Goryo dynasty. There are various different kinds of Buddhist shrines, from handheld small one, sized 5cm, with a fire protecting human from evil to large one with Buddhist sculpture sized 10~20cm inside shrines. Although material is various such as gilt bronze, silver and wood, gilt bronze Buddhist shrine was only shown at early Joseon period. According to Songgwangsa temple in Suncheon city, the golden Buddhist shrine known as worship Buddha of King’s advisor Gobong (高峰國師 ; 1350-1428) is a small one sized 25.3cm. The shrine showed uncommon peculiarities such as no Buddhist sculpture inside compared to other general ones, jewel decoration on the upper front side with precious stone as turquoise and crystal, and Buddha stature carved on the separate gilt bronze plate to enshrine inside shrine. Main Buddha statue was casted on the golden silver plate, and showed peculiar form as following. Buddha statue assumed Three Buddha sculptures with Vairochana, Amitabha and Maitreya were positioned on the upper part, and Attandance Bodhisattvas with Manjusri, Samantabhadra, Ananda and Kasyapa were located on the lower part. Also there were Vajrapani, Avalokitesvara, Ksitigarbha were stood in front of or back side of door (openning and shutting). Three Buddha sculptures are similar to xylography book of Diamond Sutra painting built in 1363, and compared to Three Buddha sculptures on 1st floor body of 10th floor stone tower at Gyungchunsa and Three Buddha sculptures(三世佛會) of Wongaksa temple. It attracted considerable attention that the background of appearance altogether with Samantabhadra and Manjusri, Avalokitesvara and Kisitigarvawere the same as that of Buddhist poet(偈頌) of portraitist Naong It is understood that gilt bronze was derived from the idea background combined with a Avatamsake theory(華嚴敎學) linked from King’s advisor Naong to portraitist Gobong and a prayer to Buddha. It is also special that different material was used depending on Buddha statues. It also demonstrated meaning of Buddhist religion that Three Buddha sculptures of main body in Buddhist shrine and Attandance Bodhisattvas symbolized eternity of Buddha by using gold and silver, and Vajrapani symbolized dignity difference by copper. It is assumed that the manufacturing period was in early Joseon dynasty corresponding to end life of King’s advisor Gobong, which was calculated by the analysis of iconography peculiarities such as Avalokitesvara, Ksitigarbha put on a hood, Three Buddha sculptures and Manjusri, Samantabhadra and the careful review of pattern of spawn. A royal palace typed gilt bronze Buddhist shrine was manufactured in Goryo dynasty and became modelling with decorative design of Goryo style. As shown in gilt bronze Buddhist shrine of portraitist Naong belonging to Chuneunsa temple, the enshrined inner Buddha statue was fixed by lockup device. Also Buddhist painting in the background(後佛幀) and Buddha statue were enshrined inside which was reminded of Buddhist temple and understandably designed to pray by monks as they moved.