제도의 발전 수준에 따라 부패가 기업의 순응 행동에 미치는 영향: 긍정적 동형화와 부정적 동형화
The Impact of Corruption on Firm’s Compliance Behavior as the Institutional Development Level: Positive and Negative Isomorphism
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초록
본 연구는 부패가 제도발전 과정에서 기업의 행동에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 파악하는 것을 목표로 한다. 특히, 제도발전과 부패 간의 관계를 실증적으로 분석했으며, 제도 발전에 따른 기업의 순응 행동에서 부패의 조절 효과를 분석했다. 본 연구의 주요 변수는 제도발전 수준, 부패 수준, 기업의 사회적 책임 행동이다. 분석 대상 국가는 중국이며, 분석은 대상 지역을 중국 내 31개의 성·시로 구분하여 지역적 특성을 반영하였다. 관찰 기간은 2009년부터 2016년까지 총 8년이며, 중국 A 시장에 상장된 863개 기업의 4,719개 샘플을 수집하였다. 동 연구는 제도발전 수준이 높을수록 부패 수준이 낮아진다는 것을 실증하였다. 특히, 부패 수준이 낮을수록 제도발전 수준과 기업의 순응 수준이 높아지는 것을 확인했다. 일반적으로 부패는 기업이 불법적인 행위에 관여하게 하여 기업 이미지를 떨어뜨리고, 제도에 반하는 행위는 제도적 제재를 초래하여 기업의 성과에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 따라서 기업은 부패의 부정적 영향을 최소화하기 위해 CSR 활동 수준을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 동 연구는 기업이 제도적 발전과 부패 수준에 따라 어떻게 대응하는지 살펴보고, 제도발전 수준에 따라 기업의 행동 패턴에 어떤 차이가 있는지 실증했다는 점에서 학문적 의의가 있다. 또한 대상 지역을 중국 31개 성·시로 세분화하여 각 지역의 부패 수준에 따른 기업의 대응 행동을 보여줌으로써 실무적 시사점을 제시한다.
Abstract
This research aims to identify how corruption affects firms’ behavior in the process of institutional development. In particular, the study empirically examined the relationship between institutional development and corruption, also analyzed the moderating effect of corruption in firms’ compliance behavior following institutional development. The main variables in this study are the institutional development level, the corruption level, and corporate social responsibility activities. The target country for analysis is China, and the analysis divided the target region into 31 provinces and cities to reflect regional characteristics. The observation period is a total of 8 years from 2009 to 2016, and 2,597 samples of 863 firms listed in the Chinese A market were obtained. The study found that the institutional development level is higher, the corruption level is lower. In particular, it was confirmed that a firm’s compliance level was higher with the institutional development, as the corruption level was lower. In general, corruption causes firms to engage in illegal actions, thereby degrading a firm’s image, and acting against the institution negatively affects a firm’s financial performance by incurring institutional punishment. Therefore, it seems that firms are increasing the CSR activities level to minimize the negative impact of corruption. This study has academic significance in that it examines how firms respond according to the institutional development and corruption level, and identifies the differences in firms’ behavior patterns depending on the institutional environment. In addition, by subdividing the target region into 31 provinces and cities in China, practical implications are presented by demonstrating the firms’ response behaviors according to the corruption level in each region.
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