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개발도상국 기업의 부패 경험과 소유구조가 기업 성과에 미치는 영향

Impacts of Corporate Corruption Experience and Ownership Structure on Firm Performance

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주제분류경영학

초록

한 국가의 전반적인 부패수준은 기업의 성과에 적지 않은 영향을 미친다. 기존 연구에서는 일반적으로 부패한 국가에서의 기업 성과가 유의하게 감소된다고 보았다. 그러나 현실적으로 국가 수준의 거시 부패 수준이 개별적인 기업 모두에게 같은 정도의 영향을 미치는 것은 아니다. 동일한 거시 환경에서도 어떤 기업은 다른 기업보다 상대적으로 더 심대한 부패 압력을 경험할 수도 있다. 본 연구에서는 부패 환경의 동질성(homogeneity)을 가정하는 기존의 거시 연구와는 달리 부패 환경의 차별성(heterogeneity)을 가정하는 기업 수준의 연구 방향을 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구는 여기에서 더 나아가 기업들이 경험하는 부패의 경험이 기업의 소유 구조에 따라 다르게 수용될 수 있으며 이러한 차이가 결과적으로 기업의 성과에 조건부적(contingency)인 차이를 초래할 것이라고 예상하였다. 동유럽과 중앙아시아에서 실시된 세계은행의 패널 자료를 분석한 결과 부패를 경험하는 기업의 성과는 그렇지 않은 기업에 비하여 통계적으로 유의미하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또 정부 지분의 소유 여부는 성과에 정(+)의 교호작용을 가지게 됨을 발견하였다. 본 연구는 부패와 기업 성과 사이의 연구를 개별 회사 수준으로 끌고 내려와 현실 설명력을 증대했다는 의의가 있다. 또 동유럽과 중앙아시아의 데이터를 활용함으로써 이 지역에 진출을 계획하는 기업이 진출방식이나 투자 형태를 논의하는데 있어 실무적 함의가 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

General corruption level in one country exert a strong influence on the performance of individual firm. However country-level institutions do not universally affect every firms in one way. Based on the implication of institutional heterogeneity, this study provides unique theoretical framework that firm can experience the political institution differently. We also argue that firm’s corruption experience is moderated by ownership structure in that public ownership supplies the political shield in emerging market. By utilizing firm-level data in Eastern Europe and Central Asia of World Bank, we conducted panel analyses. Besides the theoretical implication, we believe that this study provides the practical and managerial implication for MNEs that are to enter emerging market.

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