1071년 만지케르트 전투의 의미
Meanings of the Battle of Manzikert 1071
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The article is a writing of study about the meaning of the Battle of Manzikert 1071. The Battle of Manzikert was fought between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuq Turks forces led by Alp Arslan on August 26, 1071 near Manzikert. The decisive defeat of the Byzantine army and the capture of the Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes played an important role in undermining Byzantine authority in Anatolia and Armenia. Two main problems confronted the meaning of the Battle of Manzikert 1071 : Military Disaster or Political Failure? ; the Battle of Manzikert was foreseen or was not foreseen? My purpose will be to test these assumption. In order to understand the problems we have to first investigate the military system in the eleventh century, the byzantine aristocracy and its military function in the eleventh century, the byzantine budgetary system in the eleventh century and geomorphological observations. I examined them in this paper. Firstly, the military system in the eleventh century had problems. Military of the Byzantine Empire in 1025 was approximately 247,800 people. Constantine IX disbanded the army of the Iberian theme consisted of about 50,000 troops. Secondly, there was a conflict between the byzantine bureaucratic aristocracy and its military aristocracy. Most emperors strove to preserve a balance within the state between the common and private interest, but in the course of the eleventh century this became more and more difficult to do, until the state became prey to faction. Thirdly the byzantine budgetary system had problems. Financial considerations were not likely to have been uppermost in Constantine IX's mind. He was a by-word for his generosity and indulgence in the early part of his reign. In the last two years of his reign Constantine IX adopted a brutal fiscal policy. Fourthly, I had geomorphological observations. Manzikert located in Armenia which is surrounded by high mountains. Therefore Turks could easily attack from Armenia to Anatolia's plateau. So most of Asia Minor was conquered for 10 years by Turks. I presume that the defeat of the battle of Manzikert was predicted due to problems of military system, conflict between the byzantine bureaucratic aristocracy and its military aristocracy and budgetary system.
Abstract
The article is a writing of study about the meaning of the Battle of Manzikert 1071. The Battle of Manzikert was fought between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuq Turks forces led by Alp Arslan on August 26, 1071 near Manzikert. The decisive defeat of the Byzantine army and the capture of the Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes played an important role in undermining Byzantine authority in Anatolia and Armenia. Two main problems confronted the meaning of the Battle of Manzikert 1071 : Military Disaster or Political Failure? ; the Battle of Manzikert was foreseen or was not foreseen? My purpose will be to test these assumption. In order to understand the problems we have to first investigate the military system in the eleventh century, the byzantine aristocracy and its military function in the eleventh century, the byzantine budgetary system in the eleventh century and geomorphological observations. I examined them in this paper. Firstly, the military system in the eleventh century had problems. Military of the Byzantine Empire in 1025 was approximately 247,800 people. Constantine IX disbanded the army of the Iberian theme consisted of about 50,000 troops. Secondly, there was a conflict between the byzantine bureaucratic aristocracy and its military aristocracy. Most emperors strove to preserve a balance within the state between the common and private interest, but in the course of the eleventh century this became more and more difficult to do, until the state became prey to faction. Thirdly the byzantine budgetary system had problems. Financial considerations were not likely to have been uppermost in Constantine IX's mind. He was a by-word for his generosity and indulgence in the early part of his reign. In the last two years of his reign Constantine IX adopted a brutal fiscal policy. Fourthly, I had geomorphological observations. Manzikert located in Armenia which is surrounded by high mountains. Therefore Turks could easily attack from Armenia to Anatolia's plateau. So most of Asia Minor was conquered for 10 years by Turks. I presume that the defeat of the battle of Manzikert was predicted due to problems of military system, conflict between the byzantine bureaucratic aristocracy and its military aristocracy and budgetary system.
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