왕용계의 “양지신앙” 해석 - 칼 야스퍼스의 철학적 신앙을 매개로 -

Abstract

This article interpreted the Liangzhi faith developed by Wanglongxi who supported the gonfu theory based on Xiantian-zhengxin via mediation of the German existential philosopher Karl Jaspers. In general, Xiantianxue proposed by Wanglongx has been criticized for losing gongfu as it is not the gongfu that is not carried out in the context of rituals. However, such criticism resulted from lack of understanding o the point of his gongfu theory. Karl Jaspers analyzed aspects of existence and argued tat all beings exist in mutually encompassing relationship between the subject and object rather than as separate entities. And the real self is not in the existence, consciousness, or mental activities but in the being that is based on these three elements. Also, such existence becomes itself through free, unrestrained determination and, by doing so, recognizes the fact that he has been gifted by the transcendent. A human being and the transcendent do not face each other as the subject and object, but exists in a mutually encompassing relationship, Jaspers called it ‘the encompassing’ and the act of living within the encompassing ‘faith.’ The concept of the encompassing proposed by Jaspers is akin to the relationship between gongfu ad benti revealed in Yantan debate of Wanglongxi. The relationship between gongfu and benti, in which the former must be based on the latter and the latter revealed by the former, is similar to the encompassing relationship between the transcendent and a human being. Therefore, gongfu of Wanglongxi is a path to philosophical faith by which to live within the encompassing relationship with benti. It is to believe Liangzhi and the ‘faith’ refers to the way of becoming oneself through existential determination. Such gongfu re-emphasizes gongfu in heart, which was repeatedly emphasized by Yangming.