금장칸국 건국기 시반 울루스에 관한 기억과 기념 — 16세기 차가타이 사료 『칭기스나마』의 분석을 중심으로 —

Abstract

Shiban, the fifth son of Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan, is a significant figure as an ancestor of both the Abulkhayirids and the Arabshahids, who dominated Central Asia after the 16th century. However, due to limitations in historical sources, he has been neglected in historical research on the Golden Horde, or Jochi Ulus. This paper analyzes the records in Ötemish Ḥājjī's Chingis Nāma, compiled in the 16th century in the Khwarezm region of Central Asia in the Central Asian Turkic literary language Chagatai, to overcome these limitations. In this source, Shiban is presented as a crucial figure alongside his brothers Orda and Batu. Shiban's descendants particularly emphasized their ancestor Shiban's superiority based on three reasons. First, Genghis Khan bestowed a special tent upon him; second, he received special treatment during the reign of Uzbek Khan; and third, when the Batu lineage ended, the sovereignty over the entire Golden Horde shifted to the Siban lineage. Meanwhile, Chingis Nāma gives considerable weight to Shiban's achievements during the Eastern European campaign. It highlights Shiban's role in the Russian campaign and victory, the reorganization of forces, his dispatch to the Crimean region, the capture of impregnable fortresses in Crimea, and the occupation of the Polish-Hungarian territories. This is interpreted as part of an effort to establish legitimacy in the face of fierce challenges from the Toqa-Timur lineage of the 13 sons of Jochi. In Central Eurasia, such reconfigurations of memory were not only natural but also critically important tasks that generated social meaning. Consequently, the newly established narratives about Shiban found their place within the historical work. This process of remembering and commemorating Shiban holds considerable significance, as it reflects the interaction of history and identity formation within Central Asian societies.