토양세척 및 토양경작 정화 토양의 건강성 평가
Soil Health Assessment of Soil Washing and Landfarming Treated Soils
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초록
오염 토양의 생태적 기능을 회복하고 토양이 제공하는 생태적 서비스를 최대화하기 위해서는 오염물질에 의한 독성이나 위해성 외에도 토양생태계의 기능적인 측면인 생물서식처, 영양분 순환, 완충작용등과 같은 토양의 건강성을 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 정화토양의 건강성을 정량적으로 평가하는 방법을 제시하고 세척처리 및 토양경작처리 토양에 적용하여 제안한 평가방법의 적용 가능성을 살펴보았다. 토양의 생산성, 서식처, 수분보유능, 물질순환능, 완충능, 탄소보유능 등으로 토양 건강성 평가항목을 선정하고, 평가지표로 식물 성장, 지렁이 성장, 수분보유능, 미생물활성도, 양이온교환용량, 유기물함량 등을활용하였다. 본 연구결과 오염물질 정화 후에도 토양 건강성이 온전히 회복되지 않는 것으로 나타났는데, 오히려 세척 토양의 경우와 같이 정화 전보다 건강성이 떨어지는 경우도 발생하였다. 반면에 유류 오염으로 인한 토양질의 변화는 크게 없는 반면, 토양건강성은 나빠지는 것으로 나타났으며, 경작처리 후 다소 개선된 토양질과는 달리, 토양 건강성은 여전히 회복하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과 오염과 정화과정 중에 토양의 정화 효과를 평가할 경우에는 토양질과 토양건강성을 함께 고려하는 것이 바람직함을 보여 주었다. 정화 토양의 지속 가능한 이용 및 생태계 서비스 증진을 위해 본 연구에서 제시된 정화토양의 건강성 평가 방법이 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
To restore the ecological function of contaminated soil and maximize the ecological services provided by the soil, besides the toxicity orrisk caused by pollutants, the functional aspects of the soil ecosystem should be considered. In this study, a method for evaluating the health of cleaned soil was presented, and the applicability of the proposed evaluation method was examined by applying it to soil treated with washing and landfarming. Productivity, habitat, water retention capacity, nutrient cycling, carbon retention capacity, and buffering capacity were used as soil health evaluation indicators. The results showed that the soil health was not completely recovered after remediation, and even in the case of the washed soil, the health was lower than before remediation. On the other hand, there was no significant change in soil quality due to oil pollution, but soil health deteriorated. Unlike the slightly improved soil quality after landfarming treatment, soil health was not completely restored. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that it is desirable to consider both soil quality and health when evaluating the remediation effect. The soil health evaluation method proposed in this study can be usefully utilized for the sustainable use of cleaned soil and to promote ecosystem services.
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