저강도 및 고강도 저항운동이 남성 노인의 신체구성, 산화스트레스 및 항산화능력에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Low-Intensity and High-Intensity Resistance Exercise on Body Composition, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Capacity in Elderly Men
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초록
노인은근육량감소와체지방증가로인해신체구성이변화되며, 저항성운동은근육을유지하고체지방을줄이는데도움을준다. 또한, 노화로인해산화스트레스가증가하여세포손상이촉진되는데, 저항성운동은항산화효소활성화를통해이를완화할수있다. 결과적으로저항성운동은노인의신체기능을향상시키고산화스트레스에대한방어력을높여건강한노화를촉진한다. 본연구는남성고령자를대상으로저항성운동의강도가신체구성, 산화스트레스및총항산화능력에미치는영향을분석하여, 고강도저항성운동이산화스트레스영향을받지않고지속적으로체력향상에기여할수있는지검증하는것을목표로연구를실시하였다. 실험은통제집단(7명), 저강도저항성운동집단(9명), 고강도저항성운동집단(9명)으로나뉘어8주동안주3회운동을실시하였다. 연구결과, 운동후두운동집단모두에서체중감소가관찰되었으나, 집단간유의한차이는없었다. 체지방량은운동집단에서유의하게감소하였으며, 심폐지구력, 근기능, 유연성등체력지표들도두운동집단에서향상되었다. 산화스트레스지표인MDA(Malondialdehyde)는고강도운동집단과통제집단에서유의하게증가하였으며, 항산화효소인SOD(superoxide dismutase) 활성은고강도운동집단에서유의하게증가하였다. 총항산화능력은두운동집단에서모두유의하게향상되었다. 결론적으로, 고강도저항성운동이일시적인산화스트레스(MDA 증가)를유발할수있으나, 동시에항산화방어체계(SOD 및총항산화능력)를강화하여산화적손상에대한생리적적응을촉진할수있음을시사한다.
Abstract
Aging in older adults is characterized by changes in body composition, including decreased muscle mass and increased body fat. Resistance exercise is effective in maintaining muscle mass and reducing body fat. Aging is also associated with elevated oxidative stress, which contributes to cellular damage; however, resistance training may alleviate this through the activation of antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed to examine the effects of resistance exercise intensity on body composition, oxidative stress, and total antioxidant capacity in older men, and to determine whether high-intensity resistance exercise could continuously improve physical fitness despite being affected by oxidative stress. A total of 25 older men were assigned to one of three groups: a control group (n=7), a low-intensity resistance exercise group (n=9), and a high-intensity resistance exercise group (n=9). The intervention lasted for eight weeks with exercise sessions conducted three times per week. Following the intervention, both exercise groups showed a reduction in body weight; however, no significant differences were observed between groups. Body fat mass significantly decreased in both exercise groups, and improvements in cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle function, and flexibility were also noted. Regarding oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased in both the high-intensity exercise group and the control group after a single bout of exercise. In contrast, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly increased only in the high-intensity exercise group. Total antioxidant capacity was significantly enhanced in both exercise groups. Therefore, resistance exercise improves physical function and enhances antioxidant defenses in older adults, ultimately promoting healthy aging. Although high-intensity resistance exercise temporarily increased oxidative stress, it simultaneously activated antioxidant defense systems, suggesting that it can lead to favorable physiological adaptations and sustained improvements in physical fitness in older men.