유기농 사과원에서 석회유황합제 정밀 방제를 위한 적정 살포 조건 평가
Evaluation of Optimal Lime Sulfur Spray Parameters for Precision Application in Organic Apple Orchards
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초록
This study evaluated the optimal spray volume and drift characteristics of lime sulfur, the most widely used pesticide in organic apple orchards. Field experiments were conducted in Uiseong, Korea, using a tower-type sprayer. Spray coverage was measured with water-sensitive paper and analyzed by digital imaging. Treatments of 2,500, 3,500, and 5,000 L/ha were compared. Results showed that coverage increased with spray volume, especially in the upper canopy. At 2,500 L/ha, the upper canopy (3.5-4.3 m) achieved 87.1% coverage, while 3,500 L/ha and 5,000 L/ha reached 93.3% and 100%, respectively. In contrast, the lower canopy (0-1.5 m) maintained >98% coverage even at 2,500 L/ha. Drift assessment revealed that higher volumes markedly increased pesticide deposition in adjacent rows. At 5,000 L/ha, the first adjacent row recorded ~73% coverage compared with ~36% at 2,500 L/ha. Fan operation further raised second-row drift by ~30%p (from ~44% to ~74%), though its effect on target canopy coverage was minimal (<2%). These findings indicate that while higher volumes ensure complete canopy coverage, they also heighten drift and pesticide loss. Therefore, 3,500 L/ha is recommended as a practical balance between spray efficacy and environmental sustainability in organic apple orchards.
Abstract
This study evaluated the optimal spray volume and drift characteristics of lime sulfur, the most widely used pesticide in organic apple orchards. Field experiments were conducted in Uiseong, Korea, using a tower-type sprayer. Spray coverage was measured with water-sensitive paper and analyzed by digital imaging. Treatments of 2,500, 3,500, and 5,000 L/ha were compared. Results showed that coverage increased with spray volume, especially in the upper canopy. At 2,500 L/ha, the upper canopy (3.5-4.3 m) achieved 87.1% coverage, while 3,500 L/ha and 5,000 L/ha reached 93.3% and 100%, respectively. In contrast, the lower canopy (0-1.5 m) maintained >98% coverage even at 2,500 L/ha. Drift assessment revealed that higher volumes markedly increased pesticide deposition in adjacent rows. At 5,000 L/ha, the first adjacent row recorded ~73% coverage compared with ~36% at 2,500 L/ha. Fan operation further raised second-row drift by ~30%p (from ~44% to ~74%), though its effect on target canopy coverage was minimal (<2%). These findings indicate that while higher volumes ensure complete canopy coverage, they also heighten drift and pesticide loss. Therefore, 3,500 L/ha is recommended as a practical balance between spray efficacy and environmental sustainability in organic apple orchards.