감사의 도덕적 본질과 교육 방안
The Moral Nature of Gratitude and Interventions in Moral Education
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감사는 개인적ㆍ관계적 안녕을 증진한다는 점에서 인간 강점의 원천이고, 세계의 거의 모든 문화와 주요 종교에서 칭송의 대상이 되는 덕이다. 감사는 사회가 원활하게 기능할 수 있게 만들어 주는 도덕적 접착제인 동시에 사회적 존재로서의 인류의 소중한 도덕적 기억을 담고 있는 매우 중요한 덕이다. 감사를 경험하고 표현하는 것은 삶에 대한 만족도를 높이고 인간관계를 강화시켜 준다. 최근 덕 윤리학의 부활과 긍정심리학의 발전에 힘입어 그간 무시되어 왔었던 주제인 감사에 대한 연구가 활기를 띠고 있다. 하지만 성인들의 감사에 대한 연구에 비해 아동과 청소년의 감사에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 관심의 초점이 되지 못하는 상태이다. 아동과 청소년기에 있어서의 감사의 발달ㆍ측정ㆍ개입에 관한 연구는 아직 초기 단계에 불과하다. 그럼에도 아동과 청소년을 대상으로 한 최신 연구들은 감사가 그들의 안녕에 있어서 필수적인 것임을 잘 보여준다. 이에 이 논문에서는 아동과 청소년의 감사와 관련한 최근의 문헌 분석을 기초로 하여 감사의 개념과 도덕적 본질을 규명하고, 감사의 발달 과정 및 감사의 긍정적 효과에 대해 살펴본 후에, 아동과 청소년의 감사 성향을 발달시킬 수 있는 도덕교육에서의 교육 방안을 제안하였다.
Abstract
Virtually every culture has a distinct term for gratitude and all major religions have admired the virtue of gratitude. When one receives a personal gift or benefit that was not earned, deserved, or expected, but instead due to the good intentions of another person, a typical emotional response is gratitude. Gratitude is a human strength that enhances one's personal and relational well-being and is beneficial for society as a whole. It is not only a moral glue that can unite people in trusty and altruistic relationships, but also the moral memory of mankind. The upsurge of virtue ethics and positive psychology has rediscovered the importance of gratitude. Although the adult literature on gratitude has grown substantially in the past few decades, there is a dearth of research on gratitude in youth. Several recent studies aside, the empirical basis for the development, assessment, and intervention of gratitude in youth is in its infancy. However results suggest that promoting gratitude in young people would enhance their well-being psychologically, socially, and academically. In this article, I did review recent researches on the concept of gratitude, moral nature of gratitude, development of gratitude, developmental determinants, and explanatory theories that help us understand how gratitude contributes to the good life. I concluded by suggesting potential teaching methods in moral education in order to cultivate gratitude in youth.
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