본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status and Future Directions

Jennifer S. Au|Catherine T. Frenette
거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회|2015.07|Gut and Liver|제9권 제4호|pp. 437-448

2

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

SorafenibTransarterial chemoembolizationCarcinomaRadiofrequency ablationhepatocellularStaging systems

초록

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. This cancer commonly arises against a background of chronic liver disease. As a result, a patient with HCC requires multidisciplinary care. Treatment options vary widely based on tumor burden and metastases. The most widely utilized staging system is the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system, which recommends treatments based on tumor size and the underlying liver disease and functional status of the patient. Treatment options range from surgical resection or transplantation to locoregional therapies with modalities such as radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization to systemic chemotherapies. Future care involves the development of combination therapies that afford the best tumor response, further clarification of the patients best suited for therapies and the development of new oral chemotherapeutic agents.

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. This cancer commonly arises against a background of chronic liver disease. As a result, a patient with HCC requires multidisciplinary care. Treatment options vary widely based on tumor burden and metastases. The most widely utilized staging system is the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system, which recommends treatments based on tumor size and the underlying liver disease and functional status of the patient. Treatment options range from surgical resection or transplantation to locoregional therapies with modalities such as radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization to systemic chemotherapies. Future care involves the development of combination therapies that afford the best tumor response, further clarification of the patients best suited for therapies and the development of new oral chemotherapeutic agents.

참고문헌 (119)

  1. "GLOBOCAN 2012: estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012" (2014)[URL]
  2. "Cancer facts & figures 2014" (2014)[URL]
  3. Bruix J, "Management of hepatocellular carcinoma", Hepatology, 42, pp.1208~1236 (2005)
  4. European Association for the Study of the Liver, "EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma", J Hepatol, 56, pp.908~943 (2012)
  5. Llovet JM, "Hepatocellular carcinoma", Lancet, 362, pp.1907~1917 (2003)
  6. Greene FL, "The staging of cancer: a retrospective and prospective appraisal", CA Cancer J Clin, 58, pp.180~190 (2008)
  7. Leung TW, "Construction of the Chinese University Prognostic Index for hepatocellular carcinoma and comparison with the TNM staging system, the Okuda staging system, and the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program staging system: a study based on 926 patients", Cancer, 94, pp.1760~1769 (2002)
  8. Okuda K, "Natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma and prognosis in relation to treatment: study of 850 patients", Cancer, 56, pp.918~928 (1985)
  9. Grieco A, "Prognostic factors for survival in patients with early-intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing non-surgical therapy: comparison of Okuda, CLIP, and BCLC staging systems in a single Italian centre", Gut, 54, pp.411~418 (2005)
  10. Kudo M, "Prognostic staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (CLIP score): its value and limitations, and a proposal for a new staging system, the Japan Integrated Staging Score (JIS score)", J Gastroenterol, 38, pp.207~215 (2003)
  11. Chevret S, "A new prognostic classification for predicting survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Groupe d’Etude et de Traitement du Carcinome Hépatocellulaire", J Hepatol, 31, pp.133~141 (1999)
  12. Llovet JM, "The Barcelona approach: diagnosis, staging, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma", Liver Transpl, 10(2), pp.S115~S120 (2004)
  13. Llovet JM, "Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma", N Engl J Med, 359, pp.378~390 (2008)
  14. Llovet JM, "Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial", Lancet, 359, pp.1734~1739 (2002)
  15. Cillo U, "Prospective validation of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system", J Hepatol, 44, pp.723~731 (2006)
  16. Yau T, "Development of Hong Kong Liver Cancer staging system with treatment stratification for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma", Gastroenterology, 146, pp.1691~1700 (2014)
  17. Naugler WE, "Building the multidisciplinary team for management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma", Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 13, pp.827~835 (2015)
  18. Chang TT, "Implementation of a multidisciplinary treatment team for hepatocellular cancer at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center improves survival", HPB, 10, pp.405~411 (2008)
  19. Chan SL, "Prospective validation of the Chinese University Prognostic Index and comparison with other staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma in an Asian population", J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 26, pp.340~347 (2011)
  20. Kluger MD, "Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in 313 Western patients: tumor biology and underlying liver rather than tumor size drive prognosis", J Hepatol, 62, pp.1131~1140 (2015)
  21. Llovet JM, "Intention-to-treat analysis of surgical treatment for early hepatocellular carcinoma: resection versus transplantation", Hepatology, 30, pp.1434~1440 (1999)
  22. Lai EC, "Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: an audit of 343 patients", Ann Surg, 221, pp.291~298 (1995)
  23. Zhou WP, "A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of preoperative transarterial chemoembolization for resectable large hepatocellular carcinoma", Ann Surg, 249, pp.195~202 (2009)
  24. Yamasaki S, "A prospective randomized trial of the preventive effect of pre-operative transcatheter arterial embolization against recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma", Jpn J Cancer Res, 87, pp.206~211 (1996)
  25. Wu CC, "Preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for resectable large hepatocellular carcinoma: a reappraisal", Br J Surg, 82, pp.122~126 (1995)
  26. Xie F, "Adoptive immunotherapy in postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma: a systemic review", PLoS One, 7, pp.e42879~ (2012)
  27. Samuel M, "Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma", Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (1), pp.CD001199~ (2009)
  28. Lau WY, "Adjuvant intra-arterial iodine-131-labelled lipiodol for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective randomised trial", Lancet, 353, pp.797~801 (1999)
  29. Takayama T, "Adoptive immunotherapy to lower postsurgical recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised trial", Lancet, 356, pp.802~807 (2000)
  30. Muto Y, "Prevention of second primary tumors by an acyclic retinoid, polyprenoic acid, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatoma Prevention Study Group", N Engl J Med, 334, pp.1561~1567 (1996)
  31. Wang J, "A meta-analysis of adjuvant therapy after potentially curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma", Can J Gastroenterol, 27, pp.351~363 (2013)
  32. Shen YC, "Adjuvant interferon therapy after curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): a meta-regression approach", J Hepatol, 52, pp.889~894 (2010)
  33. Breitenstein S, "Systematic review and meta-analysis of interferon after curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with viral hepatitis", Br J Surg, 96, pp.975~981 (2009)
  34. Poon RT, "Long-term survival and pattern of recurrence after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with preserved liver function: implications for a strategy of salvage transplantation", Ann Surg, 235, pp.373~382 (2002)
  35. Iwatsuki S, "Total hepatectomy and liver replacement (orthotopic liver transplantation) for primary hepatic malignancy", World J Surg, 6, pp.81~85 (1982)
  36. Calne RY, "Orthotopic liver transplantation: the first 60 patients", Br Med J, 1, pp.471~476 (1977)
  37. Iwatsuki S, "Role of liver transplantation in cancer therapy", Ann Surg, 202, pp.401~407 (1985)
  38. Mazzaferro V, "Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis", N Engl J Med, 334, pp.693~699 (1996)
  39. Ioannou GN, "Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: impact of the MELD allocation system and predictors of survival", Gastroenterology, 134, pp.1342~1351 (2008)
  40. Washburn K, "Hepatocellular carcinoma patients are advantaged in the current liver transplant allocation system", Am J Transplant, 10, pp.1643~1648 (2010)
  41. Northup PG, "Hepatocellular carcinoma and model for end-stage liver disease exceptions: the more we understand, the more challenging the allocation gets", Liver Transpl, 18, pp.381~383 (2012)
  42. Goldberg D, "Increasing disparity in waitlist mortality rates with increased model for end-stage liver disease scores for candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma versus candidates without hepatocellular carcinoma", Liver Transpl, 18, pp.434~443 (2012)
  43. Schuetz C, "HCC patients suffer less from geographic differences in organ availability", Am J Transplant, 13, pp.2989~2995 (2013)
  44. Yao FY, "Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival", Hepatology, 33, pp.1394~1403 (2001)
  45. Yao FY, "Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of the proposed UCSF criteria with the Milan criteria and the Pittsburgh modified TNM criteria", Liver Transpl, 8, pp.765~774 (2002)
  46. Duffy JP, "Liver transplantation criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma should be expanded: a 22-year experience with 467 patients at UCLA", Ann Surg, 246, pp.502~509 (2007)
  47. Decaens T, "Impact of UCSF criteria according to pre- and post-OLT tumor features: analysis of 479 patients listed for HCC with a short waiting time", Liver Transpl, 12, pp.1761~1769 (2006)
  48. Yuki K, "Growth and spread of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of 240 consecutive autopsy cases", Cancer, 66, pp.2174~2179 (1990)
  49. Zavaglia C, "Predictors of long-term survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma", Am J Gastroenterol, 100, pp.2708~2716 (2005)
  50. Jonas S, "Vascular invasion and histopathologic grading determine outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis", Hepatology, 33, pp.1080~1086 (2001)
  51. Llovet JM, "Cost effectiveness of adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma during the waiting list for liver transplantation", Gut, 50, pp.123~128 (2002)
  52. Ravaioli M, "Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: results of down-staging in patients initially outside the Milan selection criteria", Am J Transplant, 8, pp.2547~2557 (2008)
  53. Yao FY, "A prospective study on downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma prior to liver transplantation", Liver Transpl, 11, pp.1505~1514 (2005)
  54. Yu CY, "Hepatocellular carcinoma downstaging in liver transplantation", Transplant Proc, 44, pp.412~414 (2012)
  55. Lencioni R, "Loco-regional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma", Hepatology, 52, pp.762~773 (2010)
  56. Kuang M, "Ethanol ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma up to 5.0 cm by using a multipronged injection needle with high-dose strategy", Radiology, 253, pp.552~561 (2009)
  57. Ishii H, "Local recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous ethanol injection", Cancer, 77, pp.1792~1796 (1996)
  58. Livraghi T, "Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis in 746 patients: long-term results of percutaneous ethanol injection", Radiology, 197, pp.101~108 (1995)
  59. Livraghi T, "Small hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment with radio-frequency ablation versus ethanol injection", Radiology, 210, pp.655~661 (1999)
  60. Lencioni RA, "Small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: randomized comparison of radio-frequency thermal ablation versus percutaneous ethanol injection", Radiology, 228, pp.235~240 (2003)
  61. Lin SM, "Radiofrequency ablation improves prognosis compared with ethanol injection for hepatocellular carcinoma < or =4 cm", Gastroenterology, 127, pp.1714~1723 (2004)
  62. Orlando A, "Radiofrequency thermal ablation vs. percutaneous ethanol injection for small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials", Am J Gastroenterol, 104, pp.514~524 (2009)
  63. Shiina S, "A randomized controlled trial of radiofrequency ablation with ethanol injection for small hepatocellular carcinoma", Gastroenterology, 129, pp.122~130 (2005)
  64. Giorgio A, "Complications after percutaneous saline-enhanced radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors: 3-year experience with 336 patients at a single center", AJR Am J Roentgenol, 184, pp.207~211 (2005)
  65. Livraghi T, "Sustained complete response and complications rates after radiofrequency ablation of very early hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: is resection still the treatment of choice?", Hepatology, 47, pp.82~89 (2008)
  66. Chen MS, "A prospective randomized trial comparing percutaneous local ablative therapy and partial hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma", Ann Surg, 243, pp.321~328 (2006)
  67. Lü MD, "Surgical resection versus percutaneous thermal ablation for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized clinical trial", Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 86, pp.801~805 (2006)
  68. Ohmoto K, "Comparison of therapeutic effects between radiofrequency ablation and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for small hepatocellular carcinomas", J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 24, pp.223~227 (2009)
  69. Liang P, "Microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma", Oncology, 72(1), pp.124~131 (2007)
  70. Shibata T, "Small hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of radio-frequency ablation and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy", Radiology, 223, pp.331~337 (2002)
  71. Choi D, "Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma as a first-line treatment: long-term results and prognostic factors in a large single-institution series", Eur Radiol, 17, pp.684~692 (2007)
  72. Mazzaferro V, "Radiofrequency ablation of small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation: a prospective study", Ann Surg, 240, pp.900~909 (2004)
  73. Bruix J, "Chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma", Gastroenterology, 127(5), pp.S179~S188 (2004)
  74. Llovet JM, "Systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: chemoembolization improves survival", Hepatology, 37, pp.429~442 (2003)
  75. Cammà C, "Transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials", Radiology, 224, pp.47~54 (2002)
  76. Lammer J, "Prospective randomized study of doxorubicin-eluting-bead embolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: results of the PRECISION V study", Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 33, pp.41~52 (2010)
  77. Vogl TJ, "Liver, gastrointestinal, and cardiac toxicity in intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma treated with PRECISION TACE with drug-eluting beads: results from the PRECISION V randomized trial", AJR Am J Roentgenol, 197, pp.W562~W570 (2011)
  78. Green TJ, "Downstaging disease in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma outside of Milan criteria: strategies using drug-eluting bead chemoembolization", J Vasc Interv Radiol, 24, pp.1613~1622 (2013)
  79. Song MJ, "Comparative study between doxorubicin-eluting beads and conventional transarterial chemoembolization for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma", J Hepatol, 57, pp.1244~1250 (2012)
  80. Golfieri R, "Randomised controlled trial of doxorubicin-eluting beads vs conventional chemoembolisation for hepatocellular carcinoma", Br J Cancer, 111, pp.255~264 (2014)
  81. Dekervel J, "Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with doxorubicin-eluting superabsorbent polymer microspheres in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: midterm follow-up", J Vasc Interv Radiol, 25, pp.248~255 (2014)
  82. Spreafico C, "Transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with a new generation of beads: clinical-radiological outcomes and safety profile", Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 38, pp.129~134 (2015)
  83. Bolondi L, "Heterogeneity of patients with intermediate (BCLC B) hepatocellular carcinoma: proposal for a subclassification to facilitate treatment decisions", Semin Liver Dis, 32, pp.348~359 (2012)
  84. Weinmann A, "Survival analysis of proposed BCLC-B subgroups in hepatocellular carcinoma patients", Liver Int, 35, pp.591~600 (2015)
  85. Ha Y, "Clinical appraisal of the recently proposed Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B subclassification by survival analysis", J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 29, pp.787~793 (2014)
  86. Kadalayil L, "A simple prognostic scoring system for patients receiving transarterial embolisation for hepatocellular cancer", Ann Oncol, 24, pp.2565~2570 (2013)
  87. Noorullah O, "Mo1046 an external validation of the hepatoma arterial-embolisation prognosis (Hap) score: the Liverpool experience", Gastroenterology, 146(5), pp.S995~ (2014)
  88. Hucke F, "How to STATE suitability and START transarterial chemoembolization in patients with intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma", J Hepatol, 61, pp.1287~1296 (2014)
  89. Sieghart W, "The ART of decision making: retreatment with transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma", Hepatology, 57, pp.2261~2273 (2013)
  90. Hucke F, "The ART-strategy: sequential assessment of the ART score predicts outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma re-treated with TACE", J Hepatol, 60, pp.118~126 (2014)
  91. Adhoute X, "Retreatment with TACE: The ABCR SCORE, an aid to the decision-making process", J Hepatol, 62, pp.855~862 (2015)
  92. de Lope CR, "Management of HCC", J Hepatol, 56(1), pp.S75~S87 (2012)
  93. Sangro B, "Radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma", J Hepatol, 56, pp.464~473 (2012)
  94. Kulik LM, "Safety and efficacy of 90Y radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with and without portal vein thrombosis", Hepatology, 47, pp.71~81 (2008)
  95. Sangro B, "Survival after yttrium-90 resin microsphere radioembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma across Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages: a European evaluation", Hepatology, 54, pp.868~878 (2011)
  96. Golfieri R, "Comparison of the survival and tolerability of radioembolization in elderly vs. younger patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma", J Hepatol, 59, pp.753~761 (2013)
  97. Salem R, "Radioembolization results in longer time-to-progression and reduced toxicity compared with chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma", Gastroenterology, 140, pp.497~507 (2011)
  98. Lewandowski RJ, "A comparative analysis of transarterial downstaging for hepatocellular carcinoma: chemoembolization versus radioembolization", Am J Transplant, 9, pp.1920~1928 (2009)
  99. "Identifier NCT00956930, Chemoembolization versus radioembolization in treating patients with liver cancer that cannot be treated with radiofrequency ablation or surgery" (2009)[URL]
  100. Fuss M, "External beam radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: potential of intensity-modulated and image-guided radiation therapy", Gastroenterology, 127, pp.S206~S217 (2004)
  101. Mornex F, "Feasibility and efficacy of high-dose three-dimensional-conformal radiotherapy in cirrhotic patients with small-size hepatocellular carcinoma non-eligible for curative therapies: mature results of the French Phase II RTF-1 trial", Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 66, pp.1152~1158 (2006)
  102. Katz AW, "Stereotactic hypofractionated radiation therapy as a bridge to transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical outcome and pathologic correlation", Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, pp.895~900 (2012)
  103. Sandroussi C, "Radiotherapy as a bridge to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma", Transpl Int, 23, pp.299~306 (2010)
  104. Cheng AL, "Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial", Lancet Oncol, 10, pp.25~34 (2009)
  105. Iavarone M, "Field-practice study of sorafenib therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective multicenter study in Italy", Hepatology, 54, pp.2055~2063 (2011)
  106. Boccaccio C, "Invasive growth: a MET-driven genetic programme for cancer and stem cells", Nat Rev Cancer, 6, pp.637~645 (2006)
  107. Au J, "Development of tivantinib as treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma", J Clin Transl Hepatol, 1, pp.75~78 (2013)
  108. Yao FY, "Excellent outcome following down-staging of hepatocellular carcinoma prior to liver transplantation: an intention-to-treat analysis", Hepatology, 48, pp.819~827 (2008)
  109. Ravaioli M, "Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: results of down-staging in patients initially outside the Milan selection criteria", Am J Transplant, 8, pp.2547~2557 (2008)
  110. Sansonno D, "Transarterial chemoembolization plus sorafenib: a sequential therapeutic scheme for HCV-related intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. A randomized clinical trial", Oncologist, 17, pp.359~366 (2012)
  111. Kudo M, "Phase III study of sorafenib after transarterial chemoembolisation in Japanese and Korean patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma", Eur J Cancer, 47, pp.2117~2127 (2011)
  112. Lencioni R, "Sorafenib or placebo in combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with doxorubicin-eluting beads (DEBDOX) for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): phase II, randomized, double-blind SPACE trial", J Clin Oncol, 30(4), pp.LBA154~ (2012)
  113. Hsu C, "Perspectives on the design of clinical trials combining transarterial chemoembolization and molecular targeted therapy", Liver Cancer, 1, pp.168~176 (2012)
  114. Chao Y, "The combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and sorafenib is well tolerated and effective in Asian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: final results of the START trial", Int J Cancer, 136, pp.1458~1467 (2015)
  115. Choi GH, "Sorafenib alone versus sorafenib combined with transarterial chemoembolization for advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: results of propensity score analyses", Radiology, 269, pp.603~611 (2013)
  116. Zhu K, "Hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus: treatment with transarterial chemoembolization combined with sorafenib: a retrospective controlled study", Radiology, 272, pp.284~293 (2014)
  117. Jacob R, "Adjuvant stereotactic body radiotherapy following transarterial chemoembolization in patients with non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma tumours of ≥ 3 cm", HPB, 17, pp.140~149 (2015)
  118. Choi BO, "Stereotactic body radiation therapy with or without transarterial chemoembolization for patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary analysis", BMC Cancer, 8, pp.351~ (2008)
  119. Yoon SM, "Radiotherapy plus transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma invading the portal vein: long-term patient outcomes", Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 82, pp.2004~2011 (2012)

관련 논문AI추천

Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status and Future DirectionsCatherine T. Frenette, Jennifer S. Au거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 · Gut and Liver2015 · 제9권 제6호Recent advances in the management of hepatocellular carcinomaAndrew E. Hendifar, Arsen Osipov, Ekaterina K. Koltsova, Ju Dong Yang, Jun Gong, Kambiz Kosari, Kamya Sankar, Nicholas N. Nissen, Steven A. Miles대한간학회 · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology2024 · 제30권 제1호Optimizing the management of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: Current trends and prospectsHideki Iwamoto, Takuji Torimura대한간학회 · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology2021 · 제27권 제2호Hepatocellular carcinoma: updates on epidemiology, surveillance, diagnosis and treatmentAmit G. Singal, Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, Ju Dong Yang, Neehar D. Parikh, Neil Mehta, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Soo Young Hwang, Vatche Agopian대한간학회 · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology2025 · 제31권 제2호간세포암종 치료의 최신 지견이준성대한내과학회 · 대한내과학회지2009 · 제77권 제3호Current role of systemic therapy in transarterial chemotherapy-refractory hepatocellular carcinoma patientsHansung Kang, Hye Won Lee소화기인터벤션의학회 · International Journal of Gastrointestinal Intervention2021 · 제10권 제4호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (18건)

Endoscopic Treatment for Obesity: New Emerging Technology Trends전훈재, 김승환pp. 431-432Is Lipase Supplementation before a High Fat Meal Helpful to Patients with Functional Dyspepsia?박선영, 유종선pp. 433-434Confrontational Strategy Is Essential for Being Effective Precut Papillotomy이태훈, 박상흠pp. 435-436The Pathogenesis and Management of Achalasia: Current Status and Future DirectionsMichael F. Vaezi, Fehmi Atespp. 449-463Lipase Supplementation before a High-Fat Meal Reduces Perceptions of Fullness in Healthy SubjectsMax E. Levine, Sara Yanchis Koch, Kenneth L. Kochpp. 464-469
원문 보기