주의력결핍장애(ADD) 아동 및 일반아동의주의력 특성 중 반응속도와 정확성에 관한 연구
A Comparative Study on Accuracy and Response Time of Multimedia Task between ADD and Normal Children
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초록
본 연구는 주의력결핍장애(ADD) 아동과 일반아동들 간의 멀티미디어를 통한 주의력 특성을 확인하기 위하여 포커스 된 주의력과 지속적인 주의력, 선택적인 주의력을 함께 요하는 멀티미디어 과제를 주고 반응시간과 답에 대한 정확성을 체크하여 주의력의 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 집단은 대구 및 경상도 소재의 초등학교 고학년 총 9명을 대상으로 ADHD를 선별하여 연구를 진행하였으며 각 데이터는 비모수통계의 Mann-Whitney검정으로 실시하였다. 그 결과 총 반응시간에서는 두 집단 간 차이가 없었으나 과제의 전/중/후반으로 나누었을 때 난이도가 높은 지속적 주의집중과제에서만 차이가 나타났다. 또한 과제의 정확성의 경우에는 난이도가 높은 선택적 주의집중과제에서 차이가 나타났으며 과제의 전/중/후반으로 나누었을 때 과제의 중반에서만 차이가 나타났다. 그러므로 과제의 난이도가 어려워질수록 주의력결핍장애(ADD) 아동들은 일반아동에 비해 과제의 초기에 주의집중이 떨어지고 정확성에 있어서도 평균적으로 과제를 해내지 못함으로 주의력결핍장애(ADD) 아동 중재 시 일반아동과는 다른 과제 수행 정확성을 점검하는 동시에 과제 제시 초기 및 후기에 주의집중을 할 수 있는 중재전략이 제공될 필요가 있다.
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to examine of attention traits (accuracy and response time) of ADD children in Focused attention, Sustained attention and Selective attention in contrast with normal children. The participants were 9 elementary school students who live in Daegu and Gyeongsang-do (5 in ADHD, 4 in Controls). We gave the participants 5 multi-media tasks (1 Focused attention task, 2 Sustained attention tasks, 2 Selective attention tasks). Accuracy and response time (RT) of tasks were assessed by 2 observers using checklist. We analyzed using Mann-Whitney U as non-parametric statistics. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, the children with ADD showed not significant mean difference from total of response time, but they only showed significant mean difference in the first part of more difficult sustained attention task from controls. Secondly, the children with ADD showed significant mean difference in total of accuracy of selective attention task. Also they have significant difference in the medium part of selective attention task from controls. So, we suggested developing education programs consist of intervention of when they attend on, what kind of task they take for ADD children.
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