사회비교 정보를 제공하는 대시보드에 대한 학습자 인식 탐색
An exploratory study of learner perceptions on a dashboard with social comparison information
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본 연구는 학습자 대시보드에서 사회비교정보를 제공할 때 학습자가 경험하는 인지․정서적 반응과 행동 패턴을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구를 위해 사회비교이론 및 기존 대시보드를 검토하여 자신과 다른 학습자의 정보를 동시에 확인, 비교할 수 있도록 정보를 전달하는 대시보드를 개발하였다. 대학생 15명이 실험에 참여하여 각자 주어진 대시보드를 사용하였고, 사용 과정에서 생각한 바에 관해 반구조화된 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 인터뷰 자료의 분석 결과, 다음과 같은 특징이 나타났다. 첫째, 학습자들은 대시보드를 통해 객관적이고 신뢰로운 비교 정보를 제공받으면 모호한 비교 상황으로 인해 발생하는 불안감을 해소할 수 있어 긍정적이라고 보았지만, 자신의 정보가 다른 학습자에게 사용되거나 자신이 드러나는 상황에 대해서는 부담감을 느꼈다. 둘째, 학습자들은 높은 성적이나 바람직한 활동 패턴을 보이는 비교 대상의 행동에 대해서는 모델링을 하였고, 반대의 경우에 대해서는 행동을 따라하지 말아야겠다고 판단했다. 그러나 하향비교의 경우 자신과 비슷한 사례를 발견할지 모른다는 두려움에 일부러 정보관찰을 회피하는 경우도 나타났다. 이같은 결과를 토대로 대시보드에서 사회비교를 제공함으로써 학습자의 불안감 해소나 모델링과 같은 긍정적인 효과를 가질 수 있지만, 동시에 개인 정보 노출에 대한 불안감이나 낮은 성적 학습자에게 유발되는 좌절감 등 역기능을 보완할 필요가 있다는 시사점을 도출하였다.
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the cognitive and affective experiences, and behavioral patterns that arise from using the learner dashboard, which allows learners to monitor their learning with social comparison information. For this purpose, we developed a dashboard representing information on their own and other learners’ learning status. Fifteen participants were recruited and used the given dashboard, followed by a semi-structured interview about what they thought while using the dashboard. The significant findings are as follows. First, objective information presented in the dashboard helped learners to ease the anxiety that comes from ambiguous situations, but also felt burdened as their own information were presented to peer learners. Second, learners considered target learners who had high grades or desirable activity patterns as exemplary models, while the opposite cases were regarded as negative examples that should be avoided. Based on the results, the implications for learner dashboards were discussed that in order to enhance the positive effects of social comparisons, such as relieving anxiety or providing modeling opportunities, it is necessary to complement adverse effects like anxiety about personal information exposure of low-performing learners.
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