칼빈주의와 네덜란드의 기업가정신 : 역사적 고찰을 중심으로
Calvinism and the Dutch Entrepreneurship: a historical research
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본 논문은 칼빈주의와 네덜란드의 기업가정신의 상관관계를 탐구하기 위한 고찰이다. 네덜란드는 칼빈주의가 신학적인 분야뿐만 아니라 사회의 모든 면에 적용되었던 나라라고 말할 수 있다. 그 중에도 네덜란드의 가장 전형적인 국민성인 무역 정신(Handelsgeest)은 부존자원이 없고 강대국에 둘러싸였으며 국토가 해수면보다 낮고 기후도 열악한 상황에서도 칼빈주의적 세계관으로 스페인으로부터 독립한 후 세계 최대의 무역국으로 17세기에는 황금시대를 구가했고 그 이후에도 유럽, 북미주 및 글로벌 차원의 기업가정신을 낳은 것으로 유명하다. 본 논문은 양자 간의 관계를 좀 더 깊이 다루기 위해 먼저 역사적 배경을 살펴본 후 황금시대에 칼빈주의의 역할을 고찰하고 유럽과 북미주에서 볼 수 있는 칼빈주의적 기업가 현황을 개괄하면서 다시금 양자 간의 깊은 관련성을 제시한 후 이에 관해 언급한 막스 베버의 명제를 재검토하겠다. 그 후에 맺을 결론은 칼빈주의가 제시한 직업윤리와 검소, 절약하는 청지기 의식이 네덜란드 기업가정신의 근본 동인이 되었다는 점에서 양자는 불가분리적이라고 말할 수 있다는 것이다.
Abstract
This article deals with the relationship between Calvinism and the Dutch entrepreneurship. The Netherlands can be called as the country where Calvinism has been developed not merely as a theological theory but as a life-system in which Calvin’s thought has been applied to various spheres of life. Among them, the so-called ‘trading spirit(Handelsgeest)’ of the Dutch protestant, especially Calvinistic, Christians played the crucial role in achieving the independence from the oppression of Spain and in introducing the Golden Age of the 17th century. Even until now, the Dutch entrepreneurship based on Calvinism is so competitive in Europe, America and the rest parts of the world. This article, after discussing the basic relationship between Calvinism and the Dutch entrepreneurship by looking at the historical background, investigates the role of Calvinism at the Golden Age. It further deals with the relationship between the Calvinism and the Dutch entrepreneurship in Europe and America, especially West-Michigan. After that, the famous thesis of Max Weber will be critically examined and evaluated. The conclusion drawn from all the preceding discussions is that Calvinism has been one basic ground motive in Dutch entrepreneurship so both are inseparable.
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