베트남산 농수산물 수입에 대한 한국의 산업피해 보호와 위생검역조치(SPS)의 발동 효과

Abstract

We analyze the impact of Korea's Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) on Vietnam's agricultural and marine product exports. Over the years, under the influence of economic integration, Vietnam has signed many free trade agreements, including the Vietnam-Korea Free Trade Agreement (VKFTA). Through the free trade agreement, South Korea and Vietnam have reduced many tariffs on each other. However, developed countries are increasingly using non-tariff barriers to protect domestic production. In particular, Korea is a country that values food safety and has set quite strict SPS barriers. This means that Vietnam's exports of agricultural and marine products will be affected to some extent. To analyze the impact of Korea's SPS measures on the export of Vietnamese agricultural and marine products, the author used data on the number of nonconformities when importing Vietnamese agricultural and marine products to Korea. In addition, other factors such as productivity, export volume, and export amount of Vietnamese agricultural and fishery products are also analyzed. As a result, Korea's SPS measures (focusing on pesticide residue standards) were found to be stricter than those of other major export countries to Vietnam, such as Japan or the United States. When agricultural and fishery products are exported to Korea, the nonconformity rate is also higher than that of other countries. Although the nonconformity rate has been less than 1% for several years, it is noteworthy that Vietnam's agricultural and fishery products are always among the top five countries with the most nonconformity in terms of number, weight, and value when exported to Korea. This shows not only that Korea's SPS standards are relatively strict, but also the carelessness of Vietnamese exporters and farmers in not carefully checking the quality of products and the production process. This suggests that the Vietnamese agricultural and fisheries industry, exporters, and the government need to pay comprehensive attention to the export of Vietnamese agricultural and fishery products and prepare policy responses.