핵군축 거버넌스와 시민사회：핵확산금지조약(NPT) 평가회의와 국제NGO의 역할
Nuclear Disarmament Governance and Civil Society: Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conferences and the Role of International NGOs
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이 논문은 핵군축 거버넌스에 있어 시민사회의 역할을 파악하기 위해 2010년 핵확산금지조약(NPT) 평가회의와 관련하여 국제NGO들이 어떠한 역할과 기여를 해왔는지를 분석한다. 이러한 분석의 배경사례로서 2000년 NPT 평가회의도 분석한다. 우선 2000년 평가회의와 관련해서 국제NGO들은 초국적 네트워크를 결성하여 핵군축문제를 주요 의제로 재설정하는데 상당한 기여를 하였다. 또한 핵군축 국제규범을 촉진시키는데 중요한 역할을 담당하였다. 그리고 핵군축을 추진하는 신의제연합(NAC)의 입장을 지지하고 홍보하는 주창활동과 자국 정부들이 NAC의 입장을 지지하도록 설득하는 로비활동을 통해서 핵군축에 관한 최종합의를 이끌어내는데 기여하였다. 2010년 평가회의에서는 국제NGO들은 궁극적으로 핵무기금지협약이 창출되기 위한 시발점으로서 협약의 구체적인 내용을 마련함으로써 핵무기금지 규범을 촉진하고 국제레짐으로 발전시키기 위한 토대를 마련하는데 기여하였다. 그리고 처음으로 회원국들이 평가회의에서 핵무기금지협약을 주요 의제로 채택하여 집중적으로 협상하도록 유도하는 역할을 하였다. 또한 핵무기금지협약을 NPT 평가회의 역사상 처음으로 최종문서에 언급하며 관련내용을 명시하는데 일조하였다. 게다가 국제NGO들은 중동 비핵지대에 관한 구체적인 합의가 이루어지도록 촉진하는 역할을 하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to analyze how international non-governmental organizations(INGOs) contributed to the 2010 Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT) Review Conference in order to explore the role of civil society in nuclear disarmament governance. As a background case, this paper also examines the role and contribution of INGOs in the 2000 NPT Review Conference. In the case of the 2000 Review Conference, INGOs largely contributed to setting the issue of nuclear disarmament again on the agenda of international security governance. They also took part in promoting the international norm of nuclear disarmament. In addition, they played an important role in reaching a substantial agreement on nuclear disarmament among member states in the Conference by actively engaging in advocacy and lobbying activities designed to support and advertise the position of the New Agenda Coalition in favor of global nuclear disarmament. In the case of the 2010 Review Conference, INGOs drafted a Nuclear Weapons Convention as a starting point toward its conclusion, This role contributed to forming a basis on which to promote the norm of nuclear disarmament and to develop it into an international regime. They also took part in inducing member states to adopt the issue of a nuclear weapons convention as one of the key agenda in the conference and to actively negotiate with each other. Furthermore, INGOs successfully pushed member states to include the term, ‘nuclear weapons convention’ and its related content in the final document of the conference. In addition, INGOs played a role in causing member states to reach a concrete agreement on a nuclear free zone in Middle East.
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