다중어 화자의 스페인어 성대진동 시작시간의 타협
The Compromise of the VOT of Spanish among Multilinguals
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초록
본 연구는 한국어 및 영어를 습득하고 스페인어를 배운 다중어 화자가 어떻게 스페인어 무성파열음을 발화하는지, 자기 평가 언어 학습 능력과 언어 관련 정체성, 스페인어 학습 기간은 어떻게 그들의 발화에 영향을 미치는지, 한국어 및 영어 원어민의 발화와는 어떠한 차이가 있는지에 관한 연구이다. 실험에 참가한 다중어 화자의 발화를 녹음한 후, 음성분석 프로그램인 Praat과 통계프로그램인 SPSS를 사용하여 VOT 수치 및 통계적 유의미성을 살펴보았다. 실험결과, 화자들의 한국어 VOT는 한국어 모국어 화자들의 VOT보다 아주 약간 높게 발화되었으며, 영어 VOT의 경우 개별음에 따라 다르게 발화되었다. 또한 화자들은 그들이 발화한 한국어와 영어의 VOT 수치 사이에서 스페인어의 VOT를 타협했음을 명백히 볼 수 있었다. 이는 기존에 습득된 언어들이 점증적이고 동시적으로 제 3언어 습득에 영향을 미친다는 Cumulative Enhancement Model의 주장과 일치하는 결과이다. 마지막으로, 화자들의 스페인어 무성 파열음의 발화와 유의미한 관계를 가지는 변인은 화자의 영어 관련 정체성임이 나타났다. 본 연구는 이전에 이루어지지 않았던 한국어 및 영어를 원어민 혹은 원어민 유사수준으로 습득한 다중어 화자의 스페인어 무성파열음의 발화에 대한 음향음성학적인 연구를 진행하여 앞으로 한국인 화자의 음성음운관련 스페인어 습득 연구를 위한 자료로 사용될 수 있다는 데 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine how multilinguals who live in the U.S. and have knowledge of Korean, English and Spanish produce their Spanish voiceless stops in terms of VOT, how self-assessed language learning skills, language-related identity and learning duration affect their production, and what the difference is compared to monolingual group. After recording the performance of the multilinguals, the study uses Praat and SPSS to delve into VOTs and statistical significance in each analysis. The results reveal that the multilinguals show slightly higher VOTs in Korean than Korean monolinguals do while showing different value of VOTs in English depending on the target sound. Also, it reveals that they compromise Spanish VOTs between their Korean VOTs and English VOTs. This result is in accordance with the claim of the Cumulative Enhancement Model that all previous languages can affect the acquisition of third language cumulatively and simultaneously. Lastly, it presents that the variable that is predictive of the production of Spanish voiceless stops is identity related to English. It attempts to investigate the production of Spanish voiceless stops by the multilinguals who already acquired Korean and English at a native or near-native level that has never been carried out until now. The study is significant that the results can be potentially used as acoustic-phonetic data for future studies on the phonological acquisition of Spanish among Korean native speakers.
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