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한말 미국 유학 지식인의 서구 ‘사회과학’ 수용과 현실 인식

The Learning of Western Social Science by the Koreans Studying in the United States and their Understanding of the Changing Times in the late Chosen Dynasty

정병준
이화사학연구소 (Ewha Historical Institutions)|2012.06|이화사학연구 (EWHA SAHAK YEONGU)|제44호|pp. 95-137|DOI 10.37091/ewhist.2012..44.004

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참고문헌

키워드

사회과학Social Science정치학만국공법Political Science경제학International LawEconomics국가학미국유학생Koreans Studying in the United StatesState Science

초록

The Korean's studying in the United States started in 1883 and hit its peak from 1902 to 1910 when the Korean immigration to the U.S. was flourished. Yu Kil Chun was the first Korean student studying in the U.S. In 1884, after the failure of the Reformist Revolution, eight Korean politicians went to U.S. to study and find refuge. Pom Kwang Suh, Philip Jaison, and Penn Su graduated U.S. colleges and settled in the U.S. mainland. Pom Kwang Suh and Philip Jaison were the pioneers and the first Korean-Americans. From 1894 to 1895, Korean students sent by Korean government to Japan went to U.S, and studied at the Howard College. Chi Ho Yoo, Kiu Beung Surh, Chong Ki Ye, and Young Kyu Park went to the U.S. by themselves. According to the Korean documents and the U.S. newspapers, more than 80 to 100 persons went to the U.S. for studying from 1883 to 1910. The Korean elites studying in the U.S. partially contributed to the introduction of western social science to Korea. At that time, the concept of social science was mingled and the department of social science was not settled down. In general, the social science was introduced to Korea as a state science based on international laws and focused on promoting the nation's spirit. The most powerful group that influenced in introducing social science to Korea was Koreans studying in Japan, because they were the majority in number as well as the influence of Japan was critical at that time. Yu Kil Chun and Philip Jaison introduced Anglo-American laws to Korea, but their activities were not academic one but part of enlightenment campaign. Yu Kil Chun also wrote "Notes on Neutrality"(1885), "Writings on Experience of Western States"(1895), and "Politics". He became the most important writer and pioneer on the part of state science and political science. Syngman Rhee wrote "Independence Spirit"(1910) during his imprisonment period. Yu Kil Chun and Yeo Byung Hyun wrote several articles on economics and focused on self-rehabilitation movement. The Korean elites studying in the U.S. embraced the westernized civilization concept based on their experiences and studying abroad. They had the theory of social evolution as well as racism all-prevailing at that time. They stressed the importance of the state but they focused on the racial conflict between white and yellow. Their foreign policy was neutralization diplomacy and political reform focusing on enlightenment campaign. The rehabilitation of industry and mass education were the core of the enlightenment campaign. Daehanjakanghoe and Daehanhyuphoe were the major enlightenment campaign organizations in which the Korean elites studying in the U.S. participated after the 1905 period. The Korean elites studying in the U.S. played diverse roles in political and social parts. The politician who participated in the Reformist Revolution of 1884 served as ministers after they returned to Korea. Kiu Beung Surh, Chong Ki Ye, and Yun Chung Kim served as directors of bureaus during King Kojong's reform period. Kye Pil Ye, Yeo Byung Hyun, and Young Kyu Park served as county governors.

Abstract

The Korean's studying in the United States started in 1883 and hit its peak from 1902 to 1910 when the Korean immigration to the U.S. was flourished. Yu Kil Chun was the first Korean student studying in the U.S. In 1884, after the failure of the Reformist Revolution, eight Korean politicians went to U.S. to study and find refuge. Pom Kwang Suh, Philip Jaison, and Penn Su graduated U.S. colleges and settled in the U.S. mainland. Pom Kwang Suh and Philip Jaison were the pioneers and the first Korean-Americans. From 1894 to 1895, Korean students sent by Korean government to Japan went to U.S, and studied at the Howard College. Chi Ho Yoo, Kiu Beung Surh, Chong Ki Ye, and Young Kyu Park went to the U.S. by themselves. According to the Korean documents and the U.S. newspapers, more than 80 to 100 persons went to the U.S. for studying from 1883 to 1910. The Korean elites studying in the U.S. partially contributed to the introduction of western social science to Korea. At that time, the concept of social science was mingled and the department of social science was not settled down. In general, the social science was introduced to Korea as a state science based on international laws and focused on promoting the nation's spirit. The most powerful group that influenced in introducing social science to Korea was Koreans studying in Japan, because they were the majority in number as well as the influence of Japan was critical at that time. Yu Kil Chun and Philip Jaison introduced Anglo-American laws to Korea, but their activities were not academic one but part of enlightenment campaign. Yu Kil Chun also wrote "Notes on Neutrality"(1885), "Writings on Experience of Western States"(1895), and "Politics". He became the most important writer and pioneer on the part of state science and political science. Syngman Rhee wrote "Independence Spirit"(1910) during his imprisonment period. Yu Kil Chun and Yeo Byung Hyun wrote several articles on economics and focused on self-rehabilitation movement. The Korean elites studying in the U.S. embraced the westernized civilization concept based on their experiences and studying abroad. They had the theory of social evolution as well as racism all-prevailing at that time. They stressed the importance of the state but they focused on the racial conflict between white and yellow. Their foreign policy was neutralization diplomacy and political reform focusing on enlightenment campaign. The rehabilitation of industry and mass education were the core of the enlightenment campaign. Daehanjakanghoe and Daehanhyuphoe were the major enlightenment campaign organizations in which the Korean elites studying in the U.S. participated after the 1905 period. The Korean elites studying in the U.S. played diverse roles in political and social parts. The politician who participated in the Reformist Revolution of 1884 served as ministers after they returned to Korea. Kiu Beung Surh, Chong Ki Ye, and Yun Chung Kim served as directors of bureaus during King Kojong's reform period. Kye Pil Ye, Yeo Byung Hyun, and Young Kyu Park served as county governors.

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