19세기 ‘세도정치기’의 求言敎와 應旨疏 -‘탕평정치기’와의 비교를 중심으로-

Abstract

This Study chose Gueongyo of the king and Eungjisangso of retainers as a history index to approach Choseon society of 19th century. Gueongyo is one of the means of communication between top and bottom, typically over abnormal climate(natural disasters) of spring and fall, and the king reflects on himself and asks for forthright statement of retainers for the sake of smooth political operation by means of Gueongyo in accordance with ‘cheoningameungseol’ of Confucian dynasty which is based on the agricultural society. We confirmed in quantitative terms that the Gueon’s frequency of King Yeongjo is unexpectedly low than that of King Jeongjo, and early of 19th century, at the reign of King Sunjo, exsisting practices maintained but the frequency of it dramatically reduced in late of 19th century. This phenomenon continued until King Heonjong and Cheoljong. Next in qualitative terms, Gueon or Eungjisangso, in the era of ‘Tangpyeong politics’ of Yeongjo and Jeongjo, were focused on people’s concerns and issues related to state-run(民憂國計). Gueon in the era of ‘Sedo politics’ of 19th century, however, became too ritual and formal and Eungjisangso, as the reaction of Gueon, became cliche to escape the responsibility of the official in charge. At this time, it is hard to find seeking for specific resolution which was found at the reign of Jeongjo, but the only Susung(修省; behaving with decency) of the king, as a measure of natural disasters, was repetedly pointed out. It seems that the obsessive political culture of ‘Tangpyeong politics’, which made political statement of Eungjisangso disappear, largely affected to Gueon and Eungjisangso being ritual at the 19th century. It was a result of losing sense of Gueon and Eungjisangso as a measure of communication because the retainers were oppressed as their untimely comments were not accepted since ‘Tangpyeon politics’. But Gueon of the time before didn’t play the completely negative role. Because King Jeongjo’s collecting public opinions actively raised hopes and also disappointed many, we could understand suggestions posed in various ways by regional people who were excluded from politics of 19th century in this regard.