17~18세기 재해행정과 御史의 역할

Abstract

The foremost responsibility of natural disaster administration fulfilled in local regions of the late Chosŏn Dynasty Period was given to Gamsa-Suryeong. Yet the central government dispatched government envoy(御史) in according to circumstances enhance the efficacy of natural disaster administration. Since the 17th century, the titles of Eosa having such roles were Chinhyuleosa(賑恤御史), Gamjineosa(監賑御史), Wiyu-eosa(慰諭御史[Wiyu-sa:慰諭使]), etc. Such difference in title is related to the change in the role of government envoy. This study categorized these roles into Chinhyuleosa in the period from the reign of King Hyojong to King Hyeonjong, Gamjineosa in the reign of King Sukjong, and Wiyueosa(Wiyusa) in the period from the reign of King Yeongjo to King Jeongjo. Chinhyuleosa in the years of King Hyojong to King Hyeonjong not only managed and oversaw Suryeong of the natural disaster administration in the field, but also practically functioned to save the poor. In a relative sense, as revealed in the title of ‘Gamjin(監賑)’, Gamjineosa in the years of King Sukjong stressed to a greater degree the function of overseeing the local officials conducting natural disaster administration. The most significant authority of Gamjineosa was right of request for relief supplies(賑資請得權). They actively used such authority to secure relief supplies(賑資) necessary for relieving the poor, to perform a pivotal role in the immediate, timely, and decisive implementation of natural disaster administration. Then from the years of King Yeongjo in the 18thcentury, right of request for relief supplies, the most significant role of Gamjineosa was limited. This phenomenon was accompanied with a change of titles, resulting in the shift to the title of Wiyueosa (Wiyusa) in the years of King Yeongjo to King Jeongjo. Although they performed the function of Gamjin to some extent, the aim here was to tour an area to fully identify its circumstances and environment, informing others of government measures and focusing on Wiyu(慰諭) of disaster-stricken people. That such change of titles began to appear after the reign of King Yeongjo meant that the role of government envoy was transforming to have an emphasis on pacification of those in poverty, than directly involving itself in natural disaster administration.