무역금융상 적정융자의 원칙 : 한국은행 무역금융규정과 수출신용보증 제도를 중심으로

Abstract

Pre-shipment trade financing (refers to “trade finance”) in Korea refers to working capital financing where banks extend loans to exporters to procure raw materials, to manufacture, or to purchase finished goods for exports. Given the on-going needs for promoting Korean export, trade finance has played an important role. To trading companies, it means they can have direct access to affordable working capital loans with low interest rates. To maximize its benefit for the entire small businesses, Bank of Korea trade established finance rules (refers to “BOK rules”) stimulating that banks extending trade finance should maintain optimal credit limits (so called, Principle of Optimal Loan). Various provisions in BOK rules are to enforce this principle in various ways, such as loan tied with special purpose, loan period, limits by previous-year export amounts. The K-sure (Korea Trade Insurance Corp) pre-shipment credit guarantee program can also facilitate principle of optimal credit limits. By attaching special terms and conditions and penalizing violating banks can make the principle work. Since K-sure has a better position in evaluating foreign risks associated with specific export transactions, the adequacy of loan to each exporter can be achieved better. In practice, the examples derived from cases where the banks violated the terms and conditions of the guarantee can deliver strong signals to banks about what should be done by bank to make the loan be optimal under the BOK rules and K-sure guarantee.