커뮤니케이션 네트워크와 시간압박이 집단만족도에 미치는 영향
Impacts of Communication Networks and Time Pressure upon Group Satisfaction
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본 연구에서는 집단에서 형성되는 의사소통의 패턴에 따라 집단만족도가 어떻게 달라지를 알아보고자 하였다. 네트워크를 참여도에 따라 바퀴형, 원형, 완전연결형의 세 가지 네트워크를 구분하여 집단만족도에 대한 효과를 연구하였는데, 커뮤니케이션 네트워크의 참여도가 높을수록 집단만족도가 높아진다는 사실을 규명하였다. 즉 의사소통의 통로가 모두 개방된 완전연결형이 가장 높은 집단만족도를 나타냈으며, 인접한 사람들과 의사소통을 할 수 있는 원형에서 그 다음으로 높은 집단만족도를 보였고, 한 사람에게 의사소통 경로가 집중되는 바퀴형에서 가장 낮은 집단만족도를 보였다. 그리고 이들 세 개의 네트워크를 집중형 네트워크와 분산형 네트워크로 분류하여 비교분석하였다. 즉 의사소통에 참여할 기회가 집단구성원 모두에게 동등하게 부여되는 원형과 완전연결형은 분산형 네트워크로 분류하고, 한 구성원에게 의사소통이 집중되는 바퀴형은 집중형 네트워크로 분류하였다. 그 결과, 분산형 네트워크의 원형과 완전연결형 간에는 집단만족도가 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 집중형 네트워크와 분산형 네트워크 간에는 집단만족도가 유의한 차이를 보였다. 즉 분산형 네트워크가 집중형 네트워크보다 집단만족도가 훨씬 더 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 이전의 독립성 가설에서 주장한 바와 같이, 집단구성원의 독립성이 높을수록 집단만족도 높아짐을 확인하였다. 또한 시간압박은 분산기억이론에서 주장한 바와 같이 ‘누가 무엇을 알고 있는지’에 대한 분산기억을 저해함으로써 만족도가 낮아지는 것으로 해석되었다
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of communication networks on group satisfaction under situation of time-pressure in four-person groups. The communication networks were divided into wheel, circle and concom according to degree of participation. The time-pressure was manipulated by varying the use of time reminders. The group satisfaction produced significant difference among three networks. The group satisfaction was presented more high in order of concom, circle and wheel network. The wheel network was classified into centralization network, whereas the circle and concom network were classified into decentralization network. The group satisfaction did not produced significant difference between circle and concom. But the group satisfaction produced significant difference between centralization network and decentralization network. That is, the decentralization network was present more high group satisfaction than the centralization network. The communication networks affected differently on group satisfaction according to the degree of time-pressure. The group satisfaction was not presented significant difference among wheel, circle, and concom under low time pressure situation, whereas the group satisfaction was presented more high in order of concom, circle and wheel under high time pressure situation. The group satisfaction did not present significant difference between circle network and concom network according to the degree of time pressure. But the group satisfaction produced significant difference between centralization network and decentralization network according to the degree of time pressure. That is, the centralization network reduced group satisfaction but the decentralization network increased group satisfaction under high time pressure situation.
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