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유전자교정기술을 이용한 식물의 phenylpropanoid 대사공학기술 개발 동향

Research Trends on the Metabolic Engineering of Phenylpropanoid Compounds Based on the Gene-editing Technology

김윤희|신용욱|이신우|최인호
농업생명과학연구원 (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)|2020|농업생명과학연구 (Journal of Agriculture & Life Science)|제54권 제5호|pp. 1-9|DOI https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2020.54.5.1

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키워드

CRISPR대사공학유전자교정크리스퍼페닐프로파노이드 생합성경로MYB 전사인자Gene-editing technologyMetabolic engineeringMYB genePhenylpropanoid pathway

초록

최근 급속하게 발전하고 있는 유전자교정기술은 식물이 생산하는 특정 이차 대사산물의 집적을 유도하기 위한 식물대사공학연구에 아주 유용하게이용되고 있다. 특히 이들 기술 들을 이용하여 만든 유전자교정 작물 중에 일부는 외래 DNA 단편이 잔존 하지 않기 때문에 기존의 유전자변형작물의안전 관리규정에 적용되지 않을 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 따라서 본 리뷰는 phenylpropanoid 대사과정에 의하여 합성되는 다양한 종류의 이차대사산물을 집적시키기 위한 유전자교정 기술의 적용 연구결과 들을 조사하였다. 먼저, phenylpropanoid 생합성 대사과정에 관여하는 다양한 효소를 암호하는 유전자들을 목표로 하여 식물의 종에 따라 특이하게 집적되는 flavonoids, anthocyanin, 수용성 tannins, 로즈마린산 등의 집적을 유도하거나화색을 변경하는 등의 성공적인 연구결과들을 검토하였다. 또한, phenylpropanoid 대사과정의 조절에 최종조절 스위치 역할을 하는 수많은 종류의MYB 전사인자를 암호 하는 유전자를 목표로 하여 CRISPR 유전자교정을 시도한 연구결과들로부터 식물의 이차세포벽 형성에 관여하는 lignin, 물관부, cellulose 등의 생합성 조절 기작을 이해하고 MYB family에 속하는 수많은 종류의 유전자에 대한 개별적인 기능 분석 연구결과들을조사 분석하여, 문제점 및 향후 연구 방향 등을 검토하였다.

Abstract

Recently the number of approved gene-edited crops for commercialization are gradually increased and, it led us to put intensive investment in the development of gene-edited crops to increase international competitiveness. Developed gene-editing technology has been rapidly applied to a plant metabolic engineering for the accumulation of a particular secondary metabolites. The major advantage is the possible exempt from the regulation under the current GMO laws since gene-editing technology is able to create “a trans-gene free crop” in the final products. In this review, we tried to examine the current research output in the field of metabolic engineering mainly on the phenylpropanoid pathway using CRISPR gene-editing technology. Several genes encoding a particular enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway have been targeted for the accumulation of particular secondary metabloites such as flavonoids, anthocyanin, soluble tannin, rosmarinic acid, etc. In addition, MYB genes, one of the master switching transcription factor in the phenylpropanoid pathway, have been extensively studied for the dissection of each gene function of extremely divergent MYB gene family and the mechanism of secondary cell wall formation with lignin, xylem and cellulose. We also discussed on the current bottlenecks and further research for the practical application of gene-editing technology on the plant metabolic engineering.

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