제1차 세계대전과 한국천주교회의 3.1운동

Abstract

When World War I broke out, the Western missionaries who were doing missionary work in Korea returned home according to the conscription order issued from their mother countries, performing their sacred duties as priests and monks on the battlefield, and at the same time served as soldiers. However, his duty as a soldier has been very far from the separation of church and state that the Catholic Church has been promoting. It is hard to say that it is religious to accept the order of the mother country to enlist and to fight to protect one’s country from enemies. When the March 1st 1919 Movement took place, Catholics took part in the movement for the life of the people, who were arrested and imprisoned. They were aware of the national self-determinationism emphasized at the Paris Peace Conference to end World War I, and participated in the campaign for the life of the Joseon Dynasty because they thought they could achieve independence on the back of national self-determinationism. According to newspaper records and rulings of Catholics arrested for the movement of all ages, they directly mentioned national self-determinationism and argued that the duty of the people was to preserve and control their own country and people. It was a practice of national self-determinationism. Meanwhile, Catholics who participated in the movement for the life of the people practiced the teachings of Christ to live in righteousness. To be a Catholic is to follow the teachings of Christ, which is to be the right person before God. In the right way to be a human right and unjust, and to act correctly shall not be ignored. It is injustice for Japan to dominate Korea, and the independence movement to be liberated from Japanese rule is to practice righteousness. Therefore, the Catholic Church’s campaign to keep alive can give full reasons and meanings for participation in the aspect of Catholicism. The Catholic Church of Korea has banned Catholics from participating in the movement for the life. There was a reason for such a church’s attitude as World War I. Seventeen missionaries were conscripted during the four-year war, but no one was dispatched to Korea. A cease-fire was declared in 1918 and Versailles talks began, but many missionaries did not return, and the March 1st 1919 Movement took place. Many missionaries were conscripted and had great difficulty in missionary work, and the priests, including the bishops, thought that if Catholics participated in the campaign, they would be more difficult than during the persecution period of persecution. So, they banned believers from participating in the movement, with the separation of church and state. The Catholic Church of Korea was greatly influenced by the March 1st 1919 Movement by World War. The Catholics participated in the movement, encouraged by the national self-determinationism raised to end World War I. And the Catholics’ participation in the movement for all ages was the practice of Christ’s teachings to do what is right, even if they had not realized. Meanwhile, priests also banned Catholics from participating in the campaign because of World War I. Foreign missionaries who fought in the World War I to protect their homeland lost a lot due to World War I, especially in the face of a huge reduction in the number of missionary workers, banning the Catholics from participating in the campaign for fear of being hurt by the Catholics participation in the campaign. World War I served as a reason for Catholics to participate in the movement for all ages and as a reason for prohibiting priests from participating in the movement for all ages.