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European Identity: How the EU has used images to foster a European identity among its citizens

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In 1952 the European Coal and Steel Community came into force, signaling the beginning of the European project. While the past 70 years has seen the European Coal and Steel Community enlarge and develop into a deeply integrated economic and political union, social integration and the emergence of a European identity has been much slower to emerge. In more recent times, in particular, the rise of nationalism and divisions in Europe have shown that Europe may not be as united as many think. This paper uses social identity theory and the concept of citizenship to understand how the EU can approach the creation of one homogenous ‘European’ group. The paper specifically focuses on the visual symbolism used by the EU, such as the EU flag, Eurozone, and passports to subtly invoke the spirit of Europe in its citizens. The symbols are analysed to show their effectiveness in forming a European identity.

Abstract

In 1952 the European Coal and Steel Community came into force, signaling the beginning of the European project. While the past 70 years has seen the European Coal and Steel Community enlarge and develop into a deeply integrated economic and political union, social integration and the emergence of a European identity has been much slower to emerge. In more recent times, in particular, the rise of nationalism and divisions in Europe have shown that Europe may not be as united as many think. This paper uses social identity theory and the concept of citizenship to understand how the EU can approach the creation of one homogenous ‘European’ group. The paper specifically focuses on the visual symbolism used by the EU, such as the EU flag, Eurozone, and passports to subtly invoke the spirit of Europe in its citizens. The symbols are analysed to show their effectiveness in forming a European identity.

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