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경두개직류전기자극에 따른 노인의 동적평형성 수행

Whole body dynamic balance for Older Adults according to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS)

김석진
한국특수체육학회 (Korean Society Of Adapted Physical Activity)|2017.06|한국특수체육학회지 (Korean Journal of Adapted Physical Activity)|제25권 제2호|pp. 119-130

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키워드

노인Older adultstDCS동적평형성운동학습Motor learning운동수행Motor performance경두개직류전기자극Whole body dynamic balance

초록

본 연구에서는 경두개직류전기자극(tDCS)을 대뇌의 보조운동영역에 자극하여 노인의 동적 평형성 수행에 어떠한 변화를 나타나는지를 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구에 참여한 대상은 정형 및 신경학적 손상이 없는 오른손잡이 60세 이상 남자 노인 18명으로 선정하였다. 피험자들은 대뇌피질 중 보조운동영역에 양극자극과 전전두엽에 음극자극(aSMA-cPFC: 9명)을 준 집단과 거짓자극 자극(sham)을 준 집단(9명)으로 나누어 20분간 1mA강도로 자극이 주어진 채 동적평형성과제를 수행하였다. 실험 1일차는 총 15회로 1회는 60초로 구성하였다. 2일차에는 1일차와 동일한 과정으로 tDCS가 주어지지 않은 채로 진행되었다. 실험 결과 두 집단 모두 시기에 따른 동적평형성수행 능력이 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, tDCS 자극을 준 집단이 수행 초기에 동적평형성 능력이 향상되었다. 이러한 결과는 노인의 경우, 동적평형성수행에 있어 반복적이고 암묵적인 연습을 통하여 향상될 수 있음을 의미하고, tDCS를 활용하여 보조운동영역에 양극자극을 주는 것이 노인의 동적평형성을 수행초기에 향상시킬 수 있는 하나의 방법이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate tDCS effects for motor skill learning in the whole body dynamic balance task for older adults. We hypothesized that tDCS over the supplementary motor area (SMA) that is known for important cortical area in the learning and control of multi-joint whole body movements. 18 older adults (9: aSMA-cPFC, 9: sham control), who were right-handed and had no-neurological disease, participated in and applied 20 minutes of tDCS over SMA and PFC while participants performed a dynamic balance task. The experiments conducted for 2 days(day 1: 15 trials with tDCS, day 2: 15 trials without tDCS). Both group revealed enhancement on whole body dynamic balance according to trials as well as the aSMA-cPFC group had a tendency to increase ability on whole body dynamic balance with regard to tDCS. These results showed that older adults have the possibility on whole body dynamic balance through repetitive and implicit training. Also, tDCS over SMA for older adults is a possible protocol to enhance whole body dynamic balance in the early stage learning for older adults.

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