반복경두개자기자극에 따른 젊은 성인과 노인의 자동화된 운동수행변화
Behavioral Differences and Changes in Automated Movements for Younger and Older Adults by rTMS
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본 연구의 목적은 젊은 성인과 노인을 대상으로 비침습 뇌자극(non-invasive brain stimulation)의 방법 중 하나인 반복경두개자극(rTMS) 기법으로 운동수행 자동성에 관여하는 뇌 영역 연결 중 대뇌피질 흥분성에 임시적인 기능손상을 주었을 때 나타나는 자동화된 운동수행의 변화양상을 규명하는 것이다. 본 연구는 신체적, 기능적 및 인지적으로 정상인 오른손잡이 젊은 성인 8명(남: 2명, 여: 6명, 연령범위: 21~27세)과 노인 9명(남: 2명, 여: 7명: 연령범위: 58~68세)이 참여하였다. 모든 피험자는 12개의 연속된 숫자과제에 대하여 운동수행자동성을 획득한 후, 12숫자과제와 알파벳숫자세기과제가 복합된 과제로 구성된 사전검사(2회)를 실시하였다. rTMS(1Hz, 1500 pulses)를 운동보조영역(SMA)에 자극한 후 사후검사(4회)를 통해 12숫자과제의 세션별 총 소요시간, 블록별 평균소요시간, 12숫자과제 시행오류비율 및 알파벳세기오류비율을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 젊은 성인집단과 노인 집단에서 모두 세션별 총 소요시간과 블록별 평균 소요시간이 길어지는 양상을 나타내다가 시간이 지남에 따라 다시 감소하였다. 젊은 성인과 노인 모두 운동수행이 자동화 되어가면서 운동수행을 관여하는 대뇌영역은 대뇌피질에서 대뇌안쪽 영역으로 이동할 가능성이 높고 또한 젊은 성인과 노인 모두 자동화된 운동수행에 있어 보조운동영역에 일시적인 기능저하가 있다고 하더라도 재조직화를 통한 보상기전이 작용하여 운동시스템을 통한 기능 유지가 가능한 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate age-related behavioral differences and changes in automated movements according to inhibitory stimulation induced by rTMS (1Hz) known as one of the non-invasive brain stimulation. All right-handed 9 younger (M: 2, F: 7, age : 21~27) and older adults (M: 2, F: 7, age : 58~68), no neurological disease and psychiatric dysfunction, participated. All participants achieved automaticity which was evaluated by having a secondary task (lettering counting) with the sequential finger movements before the baseline tests. After achieving automaticity, the base line tests (session 1, 2) were progressed to examine response time of total time of 12 sequence movements for each session and average time of 12 sequence movements for each block as well as the error rate of 12 sequence and letter counting was detected. rTMS was applied on SMA (supplementary motor area). After rTMS intervention, post tests (session 3~6) were progressed as same protocol as the baseline tests.. There were similar types of differences in response time of total and average time of 12 sequence movements and error rate of 12 sequence and letter counting in both group. It is possible that the brain region in charge of automaticity has moved from cortex to subcortex as movements are automated for both younger and older adults. As well as, the re-organization system may work to maintain to perform automaticity though temporary interference on SMA by rTMS (1Hz).
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