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난민과 강제 이주에 대한 인도주의 개입

Humanitarian Intervention in Refugees and Forced Migration

정다감
사단법인 한국민족연구원 (Korea Research Center of Ethnology)|2022.03|민족연구 (Minjok Yeonku)|제79호|pp. 31-67|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.35431/MINJOK.79.2

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난민Refugees보호책임강제이주International CooperationForced Migration국제 협력Humanitarian InterventionResponsibility to Protect인도주의 개입
주제분류기타사회과학

초록

본 논문에서는 난민과 강제이주에 대한 인도주의 개입의 갈등 사례를 통해 최근 난민에서 강제 이주자로의 패러다임 전환에 대한 법적 난민 보호 제도의 한계와 국제 정치 및 관계에 대해 분석하였다. 난민과 강제이주는 식민지 유산 및 정치권력 과 연관되어 있지만 결국 난민만이 법적으로 보호된다. 강제이주 80년이 흐른 지금 국가 간 상호 연결 증가로 국제적 비전의 진전에도 불구하고 도덕적 성장은 아직 새로운 합의로의 도출에 실패했다. 아울러 난민 체제의 수립에도 불구하고 만성적 난민 위기 상황은 가중되고 있지만, 국제적으로 정책적·법적 지위에 대한 난민 보호 범주는 넓혀가지 못하고 있다. 난민협약의 국제 협력 정신에 모순된 일부 국가 들의 국제 보호책임에 대한 외부화 관행은 난민 대부분이 제3 세계 출신이란 이유로 그들을 멀리하려는 인종차별주의 목적에 부합된다. 정치적 외부화의 함정을 피하는 것이 비호 신청자, 난민, 그리고 전 지구적 차원에서 이익이 될 것이다. 모든 개인이 최소한의 피해로부터 보호받을 권리인 도덕적 의무, 난민의 비호권 보장, 국제 협력 의 확대는 탄력적이고 지속 가능한 해결책과 난민 체제의 효과적 보호 기능을 위한 필수적 요소이다. 이에 인류 보편적 차원에서 새로운 국제 협력 가능성의 탐색 및 공감대 형성을 통해 우리의 역할을 재정립해 볼 필요가 있다.

Abstract

In this paper, it was analyzed from the perspective of limitations on refugees protection system and IPR through the humanitarian intervention. All forced migration is related to colonial legacies, power relations, but refugees are legally protected. Over 80 years after forced migration, moral growth has not yet to reach a new agreement despite progress of international vision. Regarding recent paradigm shift to forced migration from refugees, the fortification of borders and legal limitations were identified. The externalization contradictory is consistent with racist purposes to stay away the 3rd world. Despite of international efforts, chronic refugee crisis is aggravated, while policy, legal protection category remains the same. Avoiding the externalization will benefit not only them but also at the global level. Moral obligations, protection guarantees, and expansion of international cooperation are essential for the effective protection as well as flexible and sustainable resolution responsibilities. Through this study, we will redefine international community, our role along with formation of consensus at the universal level of mankind.

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