니체와 라이프니츠 - 갈등하는 힘들에 대한 긍정과 부정

Abstract

This article explores the Nietzschean affirmation and Leibnizian denial of power and its conflicting relationships by comparing Nietzsche’s and Leibniz’s respective concepts of power. For Leibniz, the conflict of forces signifies a deficiency in divine perfection, while the harmony of forces reflects divine perfection. In this context, conflict is viewed negatively, and the resolution is found in recognizing God’s perfect harmony in the world. According to Leibniz, the transformation of the negative into the positive occurs through divine mediation, ultimately eliminating conflict from human existence. In other words, Leibniz contends that even conflicting forces are preordained by the divine intellect as the Force as rationale. Nietzsche challenges this Leibnizian optimism by employing the metaphor of clouds and juxtaposing Heraclitus against Leibniz. Nietzsche affirms the interpretation of the world as a generative play of conflicting forces. From Nietzsche’s perspective, the Leibnizian Force as rationale does not exist independently of these conflicting forces; rather, it is a symptomatic manifestation of the intellect that emerges in response to the movement of these forces. Thus, for Nietzsche, conflicting forces are not objects of negation but are instead the source of affirmation that enables the creation and growth of the world. A Nietzschean theory of affirmative conflict, therefore, aligns not with a Leibnizian optimistic, dialectical synthesis grounded in an eternal God, but with a non-dialectical synthesis as a cosmic process where the new is eternally re-produced.