高麗版 『首楞嚴經環解刪補記』의 殘葉에 관한 硏究
A Study on the remaining pieces of the Suneungeomgyeong hwanhae sanbogi of the Goryeo Dynasty version
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『首楞嚴經環解刪補記』는 고려의 閑庵 普幻 禪師가 송조 溫陵 戒環 선사의 『楞嚴經要解』에 나타나는 오류의 刪削과 아울러 한암 선사 자신의 견해를 補記하여 刪定한 『楞嚴經』의 연구서이다. 『수능엄경환해산보기』는 고려 충렬왕 5(1279)년에 經像修補都監의 僧齋色을 통하여 목판으로 初刊이 되고 세조 7(1461)년에 刊經都監에서 重刊되기도 하였으나, 이 판본들이 전래하지 않아 초기 판본의 양상을 알 수 없는 실정이다. 그러나 연구자는 최근 瑞山 開心寺 木造阿彌陀如來坐像에서 수습된 腹藏記錄遺物 중의 고려판 『수능엄경환해산보기』 잔편 2엽을 실견한 바 있다. 이는 비록 殘葉에 불과하나 『수능엄경환해산보기』 초간본과 중간본의 존재 여부를 확인할 수 있는 중요한 자료이다. 고려판 『수능엄경환해산보기』 잔편 2엽의 판식과 원문의 校勘 등을 통하여 『수능엄경환해산보기』의 初·重刊의 양상과 기록유산으로서의 位相 등을 고구한 결과, 『수능엄경환해산보기』는 한암 선사가 자신의 ｢弘傳首楞嚴經發願文｣과 ｢求結道友文｣에서 결의한 誓願을 일생토록 철저하고도 완벽하게 실천한 결과의 徵表인 동시에 우리나라에서 처음으로 간행된 『楞嚴經』의 연구서로 파악되고 있다. 그뿐만 아니라 『수능엄경환해산보기』를 목판으로 간행하여 瑞山 開心寺 木造阿彌陀如來坐像의 佛腹에 奉納함으로써 자신의 誓願을 완결하고 佛地에 들었던 佛弟子였음이 확인되고 있다.
Abstract
This study analyzes on the remaining pieces of the Suneungeomgyeong hwanhae sanbogi of the Goryeo Dynasty version by seon master Hanam Bohwan, from the Wooden Seated Amitabha Buddha at Gaesimsa Temple in Seosan. The major findings are as follows: (1) Seon Master Hanam was a monk active during the late Goryeo period under the reigns of Kings Gojong, Wonjong, and Chungryeol. He is known to have clarified and practiced the true meaning of the Buddhist practice he understood as a genuine disciple of Buddha through “Gugyeoldoumun,” which he wrote in 1257 (the 44th year of King Gojong’s reign) and 1264 (the 5th year of King Wonjong’s reign). (2) Seon Master Hanam’s Suneungeomgyeong hwanhae sanbogi was written and published in 1279 (the 5th year of King Chungryeol’s reign). This Buddhist text has the patriotic purpose of inspiring national consciousness in the Goryeo dynasty by editing and supplementing the errors found in the Chinese Seon Master Gyehwan’s Suneungeomgyeong yohae, while also adding the author’s own thoughts and interpretations. (3) Suneungeomgyeong hwanhae sanbogi consists of two volumes. The content is organized according to the volumes of the Neungeomgyeong, with 11 items in volume 1, 19 items in volume 2, 12 items in volume 3, 37 items in volume 4, 11 items in volume 5, 16 items in volume 6, 9 items in volume 7, 19 items in volume 8, 18 items in volume 9, and 15 items in volume 10, totaling 168 items in the “Sanbo.” Additionally, there are 39 items in the “Tongbang.” (4) Suneungeomgyeong hwanhae sanbogi was first published in 1279 (the 5th year of King Chungryeol’s reign) as a manuscript edition transcribed by Seon Masters Johwan and Cheongi for woodblock printing, and it was initially published at the Seungjaesaek of the Gyeongsangsubo-dogam. The 13th and 45th pieces of this first edition were discovered among the excavated documents from the Wooden Seated Amitabha Buddha of Gaesimsa Temple in Seosan , revealing the previously unknown edition of the book. (5) The Gyeongsangsubo-dogam was a temporary institution established before 1279 (the 5th year of King Chungryeol’s reign) for the restoration of scriptures and Buddha statues. The list of 19 officials, including Kim Jujeong, who were involved in the first publication of Suneungeomgyeong hwanhae sanbogi provides us with a general idea of its scale. (6) In 1461 (the 7th year of King Sejo’s reign during the Joseon dynasty), the temporary institution Gangyeong-dogam to supervise of Buddhist Publications restored and republished the woodblocks of the Suneungeomgyeong hwanhae sanbogi, which had first been engraved at the Seungjaesaek of Gyeongsangsubo-dogam in 1279 (the 5th year of King Chungnyeol’s reign). (7) The exact date of the creation of the Wooden Seated Amitabha Buddha at Gaesimsa Temple in Seosan is not known. Based on the dates and periods found in the excavated documents, such as the “Bonghammun” (1280), “Bulbokjangwonmun” (1257·1264), and “Gwonnyeom- samburibosalwonmun” (1277), it is presumed to have been set up as early as around 1257 (the 44th year of King Gojong’s reign), or at the latest, before July 1277 (the 3rd year of King Chungnyeol’s reign).