첨단산업 특화가 지역 내 임금 및 빈곤수준의 변화에 미치는 영향
The Effects of High-Tech Specialization on Intra-Regional Changesin Income and Poverty
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본 연구는 첨단산업의 특화가 교육수준을 기준으로구별된 노동자 집단별 임금수준 및 절대적 빈곤의 변화에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 첨단산업은 고위기술제조업과 지식서비스업으로 구분하여 행정구역 단위에서 특화도를측정하였으며, 고졸 이하 저학력 노동자 및 석사 재학 이상 고학력 노동자의 임금수준 변화율을 종속변수로 포함하여 첨단산업의 효과를 확인하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 고위기술제조업이 특화된 지역일수록 고학력 노동자 임금의 상승폭이 더욱 큰 것으로나타났다. 지식서비스업의 경우 고학력 노동자의 임금수준을 상승시키는 반면, 저학력 노동자 집단의 임금에 대해서는 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 첨단산업 특화는 지역의 절대적 빈곤에대해 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 첨단산업이 지역빈곤 개선에 대한 실질적 효과를 가지지 못함을 의미한다. 본 연구의 결과는 첨단산업 기반의 산업구조가 가져오는 부의 집중 양상에대한 고찰 및 해소방안에 대한 정책적 논의가 활성화될 필요가 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effects of high-tech industries on dynamic changes in regional income and poverty using a regional-level data from the Local Area Labour Force Survey from 2010 to 2015. High-tech industries often considered as a potent driver of complex inequality by class and gender. Thus, this study empirically analyzes the role of high-tech industries on the wage growth of workers with high- and low-levels of educational attainment and changes in poverty rate. The empirical analysis is based on the regional-level data from the Local Area Labour Force Survey. Results show that the benefits from the specialization of high-tech manufacturing industries are insufficient to increase the wage earnings of the disadvantaged labor groups and reduce the poverty rate. On the other hand, a high proportion of employees in high-tech service industries positively affects the wages of low-skilled workers and poverty reduction. This study presents challenges for policymakers who are interested in linking local economic growth with disadvantaged groups.
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