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혁신기업, 테슬라 모터스의 패러독스 경영

Innovative Firms, Paradox Management of Tesla Motors

정진섭|이민재
한국전략경영학회 (Korean Strategic Management Society)|2016.04|전략경영연구 (Journal of Strategic Management)|제19권 제1호|pp. 1-24|DOI 10.17786/jsm.2016.19.1.001

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키워드

혁신InnovationDynamic Capabilities자원기반관점Electric Vehicle전기차Resource-Based View패러독스 경영Paradox Management테슬라 모터스동태적 핵심역량Tesla Motors
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 최근 급격한 성장을 하며 전기차 시장의 새로운 강자로 떠오르고 있는 테슬라 모터스의 성장배경을 살펴보고, 경영전략의 가장 중요한 이론적 프레임워크인 자원기반이론, 특히 동태적 역량축적 이론에 기반하여 테슬라의 핵심역량을 도출했다. 또한 테슬라의 성장과정에서 나타난 경영 패러독스의 극복 및 해결에 대해 분석했다. 우선, 테슬라는 엘론 머스크 특유의 리더십을 기반으로 혁신적인 경영시스템을 구축했으며, 이러한 과정에서 ‘융․복합화를 통한 시너지 창출 역량’과 ‘지속적 혁신역량’등 동태적 핵심역량을 확보할 수 있었다. 또한, 일견 양립 불가능해 보이는 목표를 동시에 추구하였는데, (1) 가격을 낮추면서 차별화된 제품 출시, (2) 창조적 혁신과 양적 효율성의 동시 달성, (3) 사회적 가치와 경제적 가치의 동시 추구 등이다. 테슬라는 이러한 3대 패러독스를 성공적으로 극복, 승화시켜 단일목표만을 추구하는 경쟁자에 비해 차별적이고 지속가능한 경쟁우위를 창출할 수 있었다. 끝으로, 테슬라의 주요한 특징과 체계를 종합적으로 정리함으로써, 테슬라를 벤치마킹하려는 국내외 기업들에게 유용한 교훈과 시사점을 제시하였다.

Abstract

This study investigated the growth background of Tesla Motors regarded as a new leader in automobile industry, while deriving its core competencies based on ‘resource-based view (RBV)’ and ‘dynamic capabilities’, which are widely used as the tools in building theoretical frameworks in management strategy studies. The ‘paradox management’ revealed in the growth process of Tesla Motors was also analyzed to find solution and overcome methods. First of all, Tesla Motors constructed its own innovative management systems based on Elon musk’s specific leadership, contributing to gaining dynamic capabilities such as ‘synergy creating capabilities through convergence and ‘sustaining innovative capabilities’ in this process. In addition, Tesla Motors pursued incompatible goals at the same time, those are; (1) Launching differentiated products while lowering the price; (2) simultaneously achieving creative innovation and quantitative efficiency; and (3) pursuing both social value and economic value. As Tesla Motors successfully overcame and sublimated these three paradoxes, it could create more differentiated and sustainable competitive advantages than other competitors pursuing only one goal. This study offers useful lessons and implications to international and domestic firms by systematically investigating the specific features and growth strategies of Tesla Motors as a benchmark.14)

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